1 READ ME

2 Welocme

This is the the R markdown script written in R studio (2023.09.0+463 “Desert Sunflower” Release) used to summarise the systematic map database from Martin et al. 2024 “Evidence of the impacts of pharmaceuticals on aquatic animal behaviour (EIPAAB): a systematic map and open access database” (doi: XXXXX).

It is designed to act as a starting point for anyone who wishes to use the ‘Evidence of the Impacts of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Animal Behaviour’ (EIPAAB) database for their own projects.

This script was authored by Jake M Martin (jakemartin.org)

Contact: or *P.s Apologies for any spelling mistakes in the script I am dyslexic and this is a very long document

3 R informartion

If you are not familiar with R, here’s a beginners guide (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_V8eKsto3Ug).

Here’s a link to download R (https://cran.r-project.org/) and R studio (https://posit.co/products/open-source/rstudio/), and a guide on how to do so.

This is an R markdown file, which makes annotating and running R code more user friendly, it is also easy to reproducible and share in a variate of formates (e.g. PDF). The R code is embed within chunks, and the output for code will be embedded under the chuck.

# This is a chuck

All other text outside of the chucks are annotations (like this). Hashtags used outside of chucks are used to create headers and to structure the file. Hashtags within the chucks are used for more precise annotation within the code.

If you are not familiar with R markdown, here’s a guide (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKUufzpoHDE)

4 Directories

Creating out input and output directories. They will be made within the current parent directory (i.e. where the R sciprt is saved)

This is code creates a folder and saves the directory as figure_path. This is where we will export our figures

figures_path <- paste0(getwd(), "/figures")

if (!dir.exists(figures_path)) {
  dir.create(figures_path)
}

This is code creates a folder and saves the directory as output_path This is where we will export our data

output_path <- paste0(getwd(), "/output-data")

if (!dir.exists(output_path)) {
  dir.create(output_path)
}

Input directory

input_path <- paste0(getwd(), "/input-data")

if (!dir.exists(figures_path)) {
  dir.create(figures_path)
}

4 Database informartion

The ‘Evidence of the Impacts of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Animal Behaviour’ (EIPAAB) database has 96 columns and 1754 rows. The columns represent various forms of metadata extracted from articles that were included in Martin et al. 2024 “Evidence of the impacts of pharmaceuticals on aquatic animal behaviour: a systematic map and open access database” (doi: XXXXX).

The READ-ME file which explains what each metadata is, how it was extracted, what structure it has, and at what level it applies, is available at XXX. Below I have imported the read me for accessibility. I highly recommend you read the READ-ME before conducting any of your own meta-analysis to make sure you have interoperated the data correctly.

More generally, column names that start with ‘validity’ are metadata relating to study validity, those that start with ‘specie’s relate to species information (population), those that start with ’compound’ relate to the chemical information (exposure), those that start with ‘behav’ relate to behaviour information (outcome). The order of columns reflects both the level the metadata is extracted at (i.e. article level or species by compound level; see level in READ-ME), as well as the general category of metadata (i.e. validity, species, compound, behaviour).

setwd(input_path)

READ_ME <- read.csv("READ-ME.csv", na = "NA") # loading the READ-ME file

READ_ME # Outputting the READ-ME file as a tibble
##                               column_name                   type
## 1                              article_id                 string
## 2                             response_id                 string
## 3                                     doi                 string
## 4                                   title                 string
## 5                                    year               interger
## 6                                 journal                 string
## 7                                 authors                 string
## 8                             url_for_pdf                   link
## 9                                screener             catgorical
## 10                     validity_guideline                boolean
## 11      validity_good_laboratory_practice                boolean
## 12  validity_survival_growth_reproduction                boolean
## 13                validity_animal_feeding                boolean
## 14                 validity_water_quality                boolean
## 15                   validity_light_cycle                boolean
## 16                 validity_randomization                boolean
## 17          validity_behav_scoring_method catgorical/string list
## 18                validity_behav_blinding                boolean
## 19            validity_conflict_statement             catgorical
## 20                              species_n               interger
## 21                             compound_n               interger
## 22                        compond_mixture                boolean
## 23                  additional_biomarkers                boolean
## 24                       study_motivation             catgorical
## 25                          unique_row_id                 string
## 26                           species_name                 string
## 27                    species_common_name                 string
## 28                       species_iucn_doi                   link
## 29                    species_iucn_status             catgorical
## 30                   species_iucn_habitat             catgorical
## 31                         species_source      catgorical/string
## 32                          species_stage      catgorical/string
## 33                            species_sex      catgorical/string
## 34               species_ncbi_taxonomy_id                 string
## 35                   species_ncbi_lineage            string list
## 36                         species_domain                 string
## 37                        species_kingdom                 string
## 38                         species_phylum                 string
## 39                          species_class                 string
## 40                          species_order                 string
## 41                         species_family                 string
## 42                          species_genus                 string
## 43                        species_species                 string
## 44                          compound_name                 string
## 45                           compound_cas                 string
## 46                   compound_pubchem_cid               interger
## 47                  compound_pubchem_name                 string
## 48                      compound_synonyms            string list
## 49            compound_atc_classification            string list
## 50                   compound_atc_boolean                boolean
## 51                         compound_atc_n               interger
## 52                   compound_atc_level_1            string list
## 53                   compound_atc_level_2            string list
## 54                   compound_atc_level_3            string list
## 55                   compound_atc_level_4            string list
## 56                   compound_atc_level_5            string list
## 57                  compound_expose_route             catgorical
## 58              compound_treatment_levels               interger
## 59                      compound_min_dose               interger
## 60                 compound_min_dose_unit             catgorical
## 61                  compound_min_dose_std               interger
## 62             compound_min_dose_unit_std             catgorical
## 63                      compound_max_dose               interger
## 64                 compound_max_dose_unit             catgorical
## 65                  compound_max_dose_std               interger
## 66             compound_max_dose_unit_std             catgorical
## 67         compound_min_duration_exposure             catgorical
## 68         compound_max_duration_exposure             catgorical
## 69             compound_exposure_location             catgorical
## 70         validity_compound_cas_reported                boolean
## 71      validity_compound_purity_reported                boolean
## 72   validity_compound_water_verification             catgorical
## 73  validity_compound_animal_verification                boolean
## 74                 behav_movement_boolean                boolean
## 75                         behav_movement catgorical/string list
## 76                 behav_boldness_boolean                boolean
## 77                         behav_boldness catgorical/string list
## 78                 behav_foraging_boolean                boolean
## 79                         behav_foraging catgorical/string list
## 80             behav_antipredator_boolean                boolean
## 81                     behav_antipredator catgorical/string list
## 82                   behav_mating_boolean                boolean
## 83                           behav_mating catgorical/string list
## 84              behav_post_mating_boolean                boolean
## 85                      behav_post_mating catgorical/string list
## 86                behav_agression_boolean                boolean
## 87                        behav_agression catgorical/string list
## 88                behav_sociality_boolean                boolean
## 89                        behav_sociality catgorical/string list
## 90                behav_cognition_boolean                boolean
## 91                        behav_cognition catgorical/string list
## 92                   behav_noncat_boolean                boolean
## 93                           behav_noncat catgorical/string list
## 94                behav_is_social_context                boolean
## 95                    behav_test_location catgorical/string list
## 96                               comments                 string
## 97                 wos_journal_iso_abbrev                 string
## 98                    wos_author_keywords            string list
## 99                                 wos_id                 string
## 100                        wos_categories catgorical/string list
## 101                    wos_research_areas catgorical/string list
## 102                  wos_cited_references               interger
## 103            wos_times_cited_05_07_2024               interger
## 104                 scopus_jounral_abbrev                 string
## 105                scopus_author_keywords            string list
## 106                             scopus_id                 string
## 107         scopus_times_cited_05_07_2024               interger
##                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             structure
## 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                free
## 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                free
## 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                free
## 4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                free
## 5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                free
## 6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                free
## 7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Last name>, ", ", <First initial>, " " <Middle initial>, " and ", <Last name>, ", ", <First initial>, " " <Middle initial>, " and "…
## 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               https
## 9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         "JMM", "EST", "ESM", "LML", "KNF", "NSH", "SO",  "IYL", "DC", "MRM", "JAB", "HT", "KRS", "JS", "MGB", "ML" 
## 10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 17                                                                                                                                                   "supervised automated tracking approaches", "manual or human scoring from videos or image", "live scoring in real time", "quantifying food consumption", "sensory for physical movement", "acoustic analysis software", "other", "not specified"
## 18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 "No conflict stated",  "No statement is made in the paper", "Some conflict stated"
## 20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      "Environmental", "Medical", "Basic research" 
## 25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         response_id + species_name + compound_name
## 26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              https
## 29                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      "Not Evaluated", "Data Deficient", "Least Concern", "Near Threatened", "Vulnerable", "Endangered", "Critically Endangered", "Extinct in the Wild", "Extinct" 
## 30                                            Forest, Savanna, Shrubland, Grassland, Wetlands, Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks), Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic), Desert, Marine Neritic, Marine Oceanic, Marine Deep Benthic,  Marine Intertidal, Marine Coastal/Supratidal, Artificial/Terrestrial, Artificial/Aquatic & Marine, Introduced vegetation, Other, Unknown
## 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                   "Commercial supplier or fish farm", "Lab stock of undisclosed origin", "Wild collected", "Lab stock from commercial supplier", "Lab stock from wild population",  "Not reported"
## 32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         "Egg or embryo", "Larvae", "Juvenile", "Adult", "Unknown or not specified"
## 33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    "Male", "Female",  "Hermaphrodites", "Unknown or not specified"
## 34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 35                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          semi colon separated list
## 36                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 37                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 39                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 41                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 42                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 43                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 46                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Name 1>, "; ", <Name 2>, "; "…
## 49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <compound with country code>, "; ", <compound with ID>, "; ", <KEGG ATC Level 1>, "; " <KEGG ATC Level 2>, ";"…
## 50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 51                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 52                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          semi colon separated list
## 53                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          semi colon separated list
## 54                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          semi colon separated list
## 55                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          semi colon separated list
## 56                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          semi colon separated list
## 57                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       "Waterborne only", "Waterborne plus any other route", "Other exposure route"
## 58                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 59                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 60                                                                                                                                                                                                                   "ug/L",  "mg/L",  "uM",  "ng/L", "mM", "M/L", "pg/L", "nM", "mg/mL", "ppm", "M", "ug/mL", "mM/L", "g/L", "uL/mL", "aM" , "fM", "g/mL", "mg/kg", "ng/mL", "ng/uL", "ppb", "ug/kg"
## 61                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    "ug/L", "uM", "uM/L", "ppm", "uL/L", "ug/g", NA
## 63                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 64                                                                                                                                                                                                                   "ug/L",  "mg/L",  "uM",  "ng/L", "mM", "M/L", "pg/L", "nM", "mg/mL", "ppm", "M", "ug/mL", "mM/L", "g/L", "uL/mL", "aM" , "fM", "g/mL", "mg/kg", "ng/mL", "ng/uL", "ppb", "ug/kg"
## 65                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 66                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    "ug/L", "uM", "uM/L", "ppm", "uL/L", "ug/g", NA
## 67                                                                                                                                                                      "Less than 6 hours",  "6 to 24 hours", "1 to 3 days", "3 to 8 days", "8 to 15 days", "15 to 22 days", "22 to 29 days", "1 to 3 months",  "3 to 6 months", "Lifetime", "Transgenerational", "Multigenerational",  "Not stated"
## 68                                                                                                                                                                      "Less than 6 hours",  "6 to 24 hours", "1 to 3 days", "3 to 8 days", "8 to 15 days", "15 to 22 days", "22 to 29 days", "1 to 3 months",  "3 to 6 months", "Lifetime", "Transgenerational", "Multigenerational",  "Not stated"
## 69                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       "Indoor laboratory setting or assumed indoors", "Outdoor restricted setting (cannot interact with wild species)", "Outdoor natural setting" 
## 70                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 71                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 72                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              "Nominal", "Measured"
## 73                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 74                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 75                                                                                                                              "normal locomotor activity", "light stimulated locomotor activity", "abnormal movement", "physical contact stimulated locomotor activity", "migration or dispersal", "auditory stimulated locomotor activity", "light stimulated locomotor", "exercise challenge", NA
## 76                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 77                                                                                                                         "novel tank or open-field or exploration assay", "locomotor activity within this context", "dark-light arena", "lighting on-off", "sheltering or hiding", "shoaling tendency", "novel object", "stress related response to simulated attack", "stress related feeding", NA
## 78                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 79                                                                                                                                                                                                         "feeding on a non-motile food source", "feeding on a motile food source", "locomotor activity within this context", "feeding on unspecified food source", "responsiveness to food cue", NA
## 80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 81                                                                                                                                                                          "response to a simulated predator", "locomotor activity within this context", "response to a predation olfactory cue", "response to a live predator behind a barrier", "response to a live predator free to interact", NA
## 82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 83                                                                                                                                     "pre copulatory and mating behaviour", "pre copulatory behaviour with physical barrier", "mate choice or preference", "nesting behaviour", "non-interactive pre copulatory behaviour", "locomotor activity within this context", "direct mate competition", NA
## 84                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           "offspring care", "resource defence", NA
## 86                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 87                                                                                                                                                          "aggression towards a mirror", "aggression towards a live competitor free to interact", "aggression towards a live competitor with physical barrier", "aggression towards a model or video", "locomotor activity within this context", NA
## 88                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 89  "affiliation with a live conspecific behind a barrier", "affiliation with a live conspecific free to interact", "locomotor activity within this context",  "affiliation with a conspecific model or video or mirror", "social choice between some number of options", "unexplained sociality test", "affiliation with a live heterospecific free to interact", "undirected social behaviour", NA 
## 90                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 91                                                                                                                                                                    "positive reinforcement associative learning", "negative reinforcement associative learning", "memory or information retention", "locomotor activity within this context", "habituation task", "novel task problem solving", NA
## 92                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 93                                                                                                                                                                       "attraction or aversion to compound", "circadian activity", "righting behaviour", "pain response", "sedation", "colour preference", "thermal preference behaviour", "exercise challenge", "camouflage", "lateralization", NA
## 94                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        "Yes", "No"
## 95                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       "Indoor laboratory setting or assumed indoors", "Outdoor restricted setting (cannot interact with wild species)", "Outdoor natural setting" 
## 96                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 98                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          semi colon separated list
## 99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               free
## 100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         semi colon separated list
## 101                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         semi colon separated list
## 102                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              free
## 103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              free
## 104                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              free
## 105                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         semi colon separated list
## 106                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              free
## 107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              free
##                   level
## 1               article
## 2               article
## 3               article
## 4               article
## 5               article
## 6               article
## 7               article
## 8               article
## 9               article
## 10              article
## 11              article
## 12              article
## 13              article
## 14              article
## 15              article
## 16              article
## 17              article
## 18              article
## 19              article
## 20              article
## 21              article
## 22              article
## 23              article
## 24              article
## 25  species by compound
## 26  species by compound
## 27  species by compound
## 28  species by compound
## 29  species by compound
## 30  species by compound
## 31  species by compound
## 32  species by compound
## 33  species by compound
## 34  species by compound
## 35  species by compound
## 36  species by compound
## 37  species by compound
## 38  species by compound
## 39  species by compound
## 40  species by compound
## 41  species by compound
## 42  species by compound
## 43  species by compound
## 44  species by compound
## 45  species by compound
## 46  species by compound
## 47  species by compound
## 48  species by compound
## 49  species by compound
## 50  species by compound
## 51  species by compound
## 52  species by compound
## 53  species by compound
## 54  species by compound
## 55  species by compound
## 56  species by compound
## 57  species by compound
## 58  species by compound
## 59  species by compound
## 60  species by compound
## 61  species by compound
## 62  species by compound
## 63  species by compound
## 64  species by compound
## 65  species by compound
## 66  species by compound
## 67  species by compound
## 68  species by compound
## 69  species by compound
## 70  species by compound
## 71  species by compound
## 72  species by compound
## 73  species by compound
## 74  species by compound
## 75  species by compound
## 76  species by compound
## 77  species by compound
## 78  species by compound
## 79  species by compound
## 80  species by compound
## 81  species by compound
## 82  species by compound
## 83  species by compound
## 84  species by compound
## 85  species by compound
## 86  species by compound
## 87  species by compound
## 88  species by compound
## 89  species by compound
## 90  species by compound
## 91  species by compound
## 92  species by compound
## 93  species by compound
## 94  species by compound
## 95  species by compound
## 96              article
## 97              article
## 98              article
## 99              article
## 100             article
## 101             article
## 102             article
## 103             article
## 104             article
## 105             article
## 106             article
## 107             article
##                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    description
## 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A unique article id assigned during title and abstract screening
## 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     A unique response id generated by the survey used to extract the article
## 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The DOI of the article 
## 4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     The title of the atricle
## 5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The year the article was publish
## 6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The name of the journal in which the article was published
## 7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The names of the authors who published the article. For example "Martin, J M and Bertram, M G".
## 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A link to a freely available copy of the article if it is available. Link located using roadoi (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/roadoi/index.html)
## 9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The initials of the screener who extracted the atricle 
## 10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        A boolean measure of whether some kind of official guideline was followed in the article (e.g. OECD)
## 11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A boolean measure of whether 'good lab practices' were followed
## 12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  A boolean measure of whether and measures of surival, growth or reproductive success were scored in addition to behaviour 
## 13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A boolean measure of whether animal feeding was described
## 14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        A boolean measure of whether any water quality metrics were reported
## 15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A boolean measure of whether light cycles were described
## 16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A boolean measure of whether randomisation was used during treatment allocation
## 17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               A broad category for the method used to measure behaviour. Can have multiple categories separated by a comma.
## 18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A boolean measure of whether blinding was used during behavioural scoring
## 19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Whether a conflict statement was made, and if so, was there a conflict state
## 20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The number of unique species in the article
## 21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The number of unique compounds in the article
## 22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               A boolean measure of whether mixture exposures were also used
## 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        A boolean measure of whether other any additional sub-organismal endpoints of exposure were measured
## 24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      A broad category for overall motivation of the article
## 25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A unique_id for each row of data which represents each articles species by compound combination
## 26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The current scientific (Latin) name of the study species
## 27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The common name of the study species, taken from one of NCBI, IUCN red list, or Wikipedia
## 28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The link to the IUCN red list report for the study species (https://www.iucnredlist.org/)
## 29                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The nine IUCN statuses for species (https://www.iucnredlist.org/)
## 30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The IUCN current Habitats Classification Scheme (Version 3.1) (https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme)
## 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The source of the animal used in the behavioural experiment. Can have multiple categories separated by a comma.
## 32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The animals life stage for which behaviour was measured. Can have multiple categories separated by a comma.
## 33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The sex of the animal used in behavioural experiments. Can have multiple categories separated by a comma.
## 34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The unique taxonomy ID that is given to each species in the NCBI taxonomy database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy) 
## 35                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The full linage given in the NCBI taxonomy database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy) 
## 36                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Classification at the Domain level
## 37                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Classification at the Kingdom level
## 38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Classification at the Phylum level
## 39                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Classification at the Class level
## 40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Classification at the Order level
## 41                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Classification at the Family level
## 42                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Classification at the Genus level
## 43                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Classification at the Species level
## 44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The name of the compound used in the study
## 45                                                                                The CAS number provided in PubChem. A CAS Registry Number is a numeric identifier that can contain up to 10 digits, divided by hyphens into three parts. The right-most digit is a check digit used to verify the validity and uniqueness of the entire number. For example, 58-08-2 is the CAS Registry Number for caffeine
## 46                                                                                       A PubChem Compound Identification, a non-zero integer PubChem accession identifier for a unique chemical structure. For example, the CID of aspirin is 2244 (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/help_search.html#:~:text=CID%20%2D%2D%20PubChem%20Compound%20Identification,each%20element%20in%20a%20compound.)
## 47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The primary name given to the compound on PubChem
## 48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The synonyms provided by PubChem
## 49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology  Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification tree  (https://atcddd.fhi.no/atc_ddd_index/)
## 50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Whether there was a ATC for the compound
## 51                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The number of different  ATC classifications for that compound
## 52                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The first classification level for the ATC(s) of the compound
## 53                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The second classification level for the ATC(s) of the compound
## 54                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The third classification level for the ATC(s) of the compound
## 55                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The fourth classification level for the ATC(s) of the compound
## 56                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The fith classification level for the ATC(s) of the compound
## 57                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     The route to which animals were exposed to the compound
## 58                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The number of different treatment groups/levels/dose for the compound
## 59                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The minimum dose the animal was exposed to before behavioural experiments
## 60                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The units used to report the minimum dose in the article
## 61                     The standardised value of the minimum dose based on conversion to one of the six standard units used in this database. Convert mass/volume measures to ug/L, convert volume/volume measures to uL/L, convert mass/mass measures to ug/g, convert mole units to uM, convert molarity (mole/volume) units to uM/L, and convert dimensionless units (ppb and ppm) of concentration to ppm.
## 62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The value of the minium dose after conversion to one of the six standard units used it simply cross-comparison in the database
## 63                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The maximum dose the animal was exposed to before behavioural experiments
## 64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The units used to report the maximum dose in the article
## 65                     The standardised value of the maximum dose based on conversion to one of the six standard units used in this database. Convert mass/volume measures to ug/L, convert volume/volume measures to uL/L, convert mass/mass measures to ug/g, convert mole units to uM, convert molarity (mole/volume) units to uM/L, and convert dimensionless units (ppb and ppm) of concentration to ppm.
## 66                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The value of the maximum dose after conversion to one of the six standard units used it simply cross-comparison in the database
## 67                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The minimum duration of exposure before any behaviour was measured 
## 68                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The maximum duration of exposure before any behaviour was measured 
## 69                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The location of the exposure
## 70                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Was the compounds CAS number reported in the article
## 71                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Was the compounds purity reported in the article
## 72                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Whether the water concentration of the compound were measured or nominal 
## 73                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A boolean measure of whether internal concentrations of the compound were measured in the animal
## 74                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        A boolean measure of whether any movement or motion-related behaviours were measured
## 75                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 76                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A boolean measure of whether any boldness or anxiety-related behaviours were measured
## 77                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 78                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               A boolean measure of whether any feeding or foraging behaviours were measured
## 79                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A boolean measure of whether antipredator behaviours were measured
## 81                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A boolean measure of whether pre-copulatory or actual mating behaviours were measured
## 83                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 84                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      A boolean measure of whether any post-copulatory reproductive behaviours were measured
## 85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 86                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                A boolean measure of any aggressive behaviours were measured
## 87                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 88                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A boolean measure of any social or sociability related behaviours were measured
## 89                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 90                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         A boolean measure of any cognition related behaviours were measured
## 91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 92                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A boolean measure of any otherwise uncategorised behaviours were measured
## 93                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Can have multiple categories separated by a comma. See Table SX for a discretion of each category (LINK)
## 94                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A boolean measure of whether or not behaviour was measured in a social context where conspecifics were free to interact 
## 95                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The location where behaviour was assessed. Can have multiple categories separated by a comma.
## 96                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Comments left by screeners during the extraction
## 97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Web of Science ISO journal name abbreviation 
## 98                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Web of Science unique article ID
## 99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Web of Science author keywords
## 100                                                                                                                                                      Every journal and book covered by Web of Science core collection is assigned to at least one resarch area. For category list see https://webofscience.help.clarivate.com/en-us/Content/wos-core-collection/wos-core-collection.htm?Highlight=category
## 101 Every journal and book covered by Web of Science core collection is assigned to at least one subject categories. Every record in Web of Science core collection contains the subject category of its source publication in the Web of Science Categories field. For category list see https://webofscience.help.clarivate.com/en-us/Content/wos-core-collection/wos-core-collection.htm?Highlight=category
## 102                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The number of references cite within the article according to Web of Science
## 103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The number of times the article has been cited according to Web of Science on the 05/07/2024
## 104                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Scopus journal name abbreviation 
## 105                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Scopus author key words
## 106                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Scopus unique article ID
## 107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The number of times the article has been cited according to Scopus on the 05/07/2024
##     validity_assessment CRED_criteria
## 1                     0            NA
## 2                     0            NA
## 3                     0            NA
## 4                     0            NA
## 5                     0            NA
## 6                     0            NA
## 7                     0            NA
## 8                     0            NA
## 9                     0            NA
## 10                    1             1
## 11                    1             2
## 12                    1             3
## 13                    1            11
## 14                    1            11
## 15                    1            11
## 16                    1            NA
## 17                    1            NA
## 18                    1            NA
## 19                    1            NA
## 20                    0            NA
## 21                    0            NA
## 22                    0            NA
## 23                    0            NA
## 24                    0            NA
## 25                    0            NA
## 26                    0            NA
## 27                    0            NA
## 28                    0            NA
## 29                    0            NA
## 30                    0            NA
## 31                    1             9
## 32                    1             8
## 33                    1             8
## 34                    0            NA
## 35                    0            NA
## 36                    0            NA
## 37                    0            NA
## 38                    0            NA
## 39                    0            NA
## 40                    0            NA
## 41                    0            NA
## 42                    0            NA
## 43                    0            NA
## 44                    0            NA
## 45                    0            NA
## 46                    0            NA
## 47                    0            NA
## 48                    0            NA
## 49                    0            NA
## 50                    0            NA
## 51                    0            NA
## 52                    0            NA
## 53                    0            NA
## 54                    0            NA
## 55                    0            NA
## 56                    0            NA
## 57                    0            NA
## 58                    0            NA
## 59                    0            NA
## 60                    0            NA
## 61                    0            NA
## 62                    0            NA
## 63                    0            NA
## 64                    0            NA
## 65                    0            NA
## 66                    0            NA
## 67                    1            14
## 68                    1            14
## 69                    0            NA
## 70                    1             5
## 71                    1             6
## 72                    1            15
## 73                    1            15
## 74                    0            NA
## 75                    0            NA
## 76                    0            NA
## 77                    0            NA
## 78                    0            NA
## 79                    0            NA
## 80                    0            NA
## 81                    0            NA
## 82                    0            NA
## 83                    0            NA
## 84                    0            NA
## 85                    0            NA
## 86                    0            NA
## 87                    0            NA
## 88                    0            NA
## 89                    0            NA
## 90                    0            NA
## 91                    0            NA
## 92                    0            NA
## 93                    0            NA
## 94                    0            NA
## 95                    0            NA
## 96                    0            NA
## 97                    0            NA
## 98                    0            NA
## 99                    0            NA
## 100                   0            NA
## 101                   0            NA
## 102                   0            NA
## 103                   0            NA
## 104                   0            NA
## 105                   0            NA
## 106                   0            NA
## 107                   0            NA

5 Required R packages

These are the R packages required to run the script. I have added them to a list so that I can install them all in one go using the function below called loaded_packages. This function I have made will load all the packages in the list below, if the packages are not already installed, this function will first install them.

If you want to install and load each package separately, you can use the code install.packages() and require(), I have given a example below.

required_packages <- c("tidyverse", 
                       "ggraph", 
                       "igraph", 
                       "ggrepel", 
                       "RColorBrewer",
                       "ggtree",
                       "treeio",
                       "ape",
                       "gridExtra",
                       "ggdist",
                       "highcharter"
                       )

# Alternatively, you can install an load them one by one
# install.packages("tidyverse")
# require("tidyverse")

This is the function to load all packages (and install if necessary) in the list above.

type = ‘source’ instructs R to download and install the package from its source code rather than from a precompiled binary, this is optional.

loaded_packages <- lapply(required_packages, function(package) {
  if (!require(package, character.only = TRUE)) {
    install.packages(package, type = 'source') # type = 'source' is optional
    if (!require(package, character.only = TRUE)) {
      return(FALSE)
    }
  }
  return(TRUE)
})

# Check if all packages are loaded successfully
if (all(unlist(loaded_packages))) {
  cat("All packages loaded\n")
} else {
  cat("Some packages failed to load or install\n")
}

For ggtree and treeio you may need to run this code for instillation

# if (!requireNamespace("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE))
#     install.packages("BiocManager")
# 
# BiocManager::install("ggtree")

8 Importing EIPAAB database

Importing the EIPAAB-database.csv database (accessed from: https://osf.io/atwy6/).

If the CSV files are in the same working directory (wd) as this R script, you will not need to use setwd(), but if the files are located elsewhere you will need to specify this in setwd(), and run all lines at once. In R markdown the working directory changes back to default after the chuck is run.

setwd(input_path)

EIPAAB_database <- read.csv("EIPAAB-database.csv", na = "NA")

9 Total numbers

The first thing we will look at is how many unique (distinct) articles there are in the database, and how many rows of data there are.

There are 901 articles, with 1740 rows.

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(article_id) %>% # Returns a list of distinct article_id
  nrow(.) # Returns the length of the current file (which is the list of distinct article_id)
## [1] 901
EIPAAB_database %>% 
  nrow(.) # Returns the length of the current file (which is the length of the whole datafile)
## [1] 1740

Each row represent a unique species by compound combination within a given article. This is represented by the column unique_row_id This is a combination of the extractors response id, specie,s and compound. For example, R_0Bqz2RQ4JxPfBkZ_Danio_rerio_Diazepam, response id = R_0Bqz2RQ4JxPfBkZ, species = Danio rerio, and compound = Diazepam

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::select(unique_row_id) %>% # selects just the unique_column_id column
  dplyr::arrange(unique_row_id) %>% # arranges the column alphabetically so the same examples will be given everytime 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) # Returns only the first 10 rows
##                                                       unique_row_id
## 1                            R_0Bqz2RQ4JxPfBkZ_Danio_rerio_Diazepam
## 2                 R_0CHlDBs9ipt4suZ_Astyanax_mexicanus_Aripiprazole
## 3            R_0Ck0AOjLDWukBUt_Procambarus_clarkii_Chlordiazepoxide
## 4                        R_0JvaI9dlvTbozUl_Daphnia_magna_Fluoxetine
## 5                        R_0JvaI9dlvTbozUl_Daphnia_magna_Sertraline
## 6                        R_0Srt7zn9MwHKne1_Danio_rerio_Escitalopram
## 7                      R_0p8ZEROmCGlSR7r_Oryzias_latipes_Fluoxetine
## 8  R_10C0XxjAUoZmibO_Amphiprion_ocellaris_17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 9                         R_10GdzsXlrkwamUt_Daphnia_magna_Cisplatin
## 10          R_10NOT0XWL5TXN5m_Coenagrion_hastulatum_Diphenhydramine

Now the number of total treatments represented in the data, this is the total number of unique doses per species by compound combination.

In the map the number of treatments was only extracted for water-borne exposures, the NAs, represent other exposure routes. Therefore, the number of water-borne exposures treatments are 6294, and there are an additional 226 articles that don’t have treatment numbers. We know they all have at least two treatments, a control and a compound of interest, because that is part of the inclusion criteria. So we could add the number of NAs * 2 to the total, this would be 6746 total treatment groups. Although, this would likely be an underestimate of the true total.

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(
    groups = sum(compound_treatment_levels, na.rm = TRUE), # Calculate the sum of 'compound_treatment_levels' while ignoring NA values
    nas = sum(is.na(compound_treatment_levels)), # Count the number of NA values in 'compound_treatment_levels'
    total = groups + (nas * 2) # Calculate the total by adding 'groups' to twice the number of NAs
  )
##   groups nas total
## 1   6154 226  6606

10 Study motivation

Let’s look at how the evidence collected breaks down by the three study motivations

total_atricles <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(article_id) %>% 
  nrow()

# Analyze the study motivations in the dataset
EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% # Group the data by 'article_id'
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # Randomly sample one row from each group (i.e., each unique 'article_id')
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% # Ungroup the data to remove the previous grouping
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% # Group the data by 'study_motivation'
  dplyr::reframe( # Create a summary data frame with the count and percentage of each study motivation
    n = length(study_motivation),  # Count the number of occurrences of each study motivation
    `%` = round(n / total_atricles, 3) * 100  # Calculate the percentage of total articles
  ) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) # Arrange the resulting data frame in descending order of the count
## # A tibble: 3 × 3
##   study_motivation     n   `%`
##   <chr>            <int> <dbl>
## 1 Environmental      510  56.6
## 2 Medical            234  26  
## 3 Basic research     157  17.4

Here we are changing the order of these in the database to “Environmental”, “Medical”, “Basic research” for plots.

EIPAAB_database <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = fct_relevel(study_motivation, "Environmental", "Medical", "Basic research"))

11 Publications by year

11.1 Number per year

Year range is 1974 to 2022, so 48 years worth of empirical research has contributed to this evidence base.

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(min_year = min(year),
                 max_year = max(year),
                 total_years = max_year-min_year)
##   min_year max_year total_years
## 1     1974     2022          48

Now making a summary for the number of publications per year based on study motivation

# Create a complete sequence of years and all unique study motivations
all_years <- as.character(1974:2022)
all_study_motivations <- unique(EIPAAB_database$study_motivation)

# Create a data frame with all combinations of year and study motivation
all_combinations <- expand.grid(year = all_years, study_motivation = all_study_motivations, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

# Summarize the data
pub_year <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  group_by(year, study_motivation) %>% 
  summarize(n = length(unique(article_id)), .groups = 'drop') %>% 
  mutate(year = as.character(year))

# Join with the complete grid of years and study motivations
pub_year_complete <- all_combinations %>%
  left_join(pub_year, by = c("year", "study_motivation")) %>%
  mutate(n = if_else(is.na(n), 0, n),
         year = as.numeric(year))

Here’s a summary figure for the manuscript (MS).

# Define the colour palette
motivation_colour_theme <- c("#60BD6C", "#D359A1", "#3C82C4") # Making colour theme to apply to plot

# Create the plot
pub_year_fig <- pub_year_complete %>%
  # Group years before 1996 and reformat the year column
  dplyr::mutate(
    year = as.character(if_else(year < 1996, 1996, year)), # Grouping years before 1996
    year = if_else(year == "1996", "<1997", year)          # Renaming 1995 group to "<1996"
  ) %>%
  # Creating the plot
  ggplot(aes(y = n, x = year, fill = study_motivation)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.9) +
  # Apply the custom colours
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") + 
  theme_classic() +
  # Customizing the theme
  theme(
    legend.position = c(0.05, 1), # Positioning the legend in the top-left corner within the plot
    legend.justification = c(0, 1), # Ensuring the legend box aligns properly at the top-left corner
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5) # Rotating x-axis labels for better readability
  ) +
  # Adding axis labels
  labs(
    x = "Year of publication",
    y = "Number of articles"
  )
## Warning: A numeric `legend.position` argument in `theme()` was deprecated in ggplot2
## 3.5.0.
## ℹ Please use the `legend.position.inside` argument of `theme()` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
# Display the plot
pub_year_fig

Saving the figure as a PDF

setwd(figures_path)
#ggsave("pub_year_fig.png", plot = pub_year_fig, width = 10, height = 5, dpi = 300) #if you want to save a png
ggsave("study_pub_year_fig.pdf", plot = pub_year_fig, width = 10, height = 5)

11.2 Cumulative and relative growth

Making values for cumulative and relative growth in articles. This is the cumulative number of articles per year for each study moitvation, as well as the relative growth based on 2007. We selected 2007 for a 15 year overview in growth.

pub_year_growth <- pub_year_complete %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(
    n_cumulative = cumsum(n),  # Calculate the cumulative sum of 'n'
    n_cumulative_prop = n_cumulative / max(n_cumulative), # Calculate the cumulative proportion
    n_2007 = ifelse(year == 2007, n, NA_real_), # Get n value for year 2007
    n_2007 = first(na.omit(n_2007)), # Propagate the n_2012 value within the group
    n_ratio_to_2007 = n / n_2007 # Calculate number of articles relative to that of 2007
  ) %>%
  dplyr::ungroup() %>%
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, year, n, n_cumulative, n_cumulative_prop, n_ratio_to_2007)

Making a plot for each motivation cumulative growth since 1974 (the first identified study)

cumulative_articles_fig <- pub_year_growth %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = n_cumulative, x = year, colour = study_motivation)) +
  geom_line(stat = "identity", linewidth = 1.5) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1974, 2022, by = 1)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  # Customizing the theme
  theme(
    legend.position = c(0.05, 1), # Positioning the legend in the top-left corner within the plot
    legend.justification = c(0, 1), # Ensuring the legend box aligns properly at the top-left corner
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5) # Rotating x-axis labels for better readability
  ) +
  # Adding axis labels
  labs(
    x = "Year of publication",
    y = "Articles cumulative growth"
  )

cumulative_articles_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("study_cumulative_articles_fig.pdf", plot = cumulative_articles_fig, width = 10, height = 5)

11.3 Reltive growth

Let’s look at relative growth compared to the research area more broadly

I will identify the most common research area based on each study motivation.

Environmental motivation = Environmental Sciences & Ecology Medical motivation = Neurosciences & Neurology Basic research = Neurosciences & Neurology

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, wos_research_areas) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = length(doi)) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(wos_research_areas = str_trim(wos_research_areas)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(wos_research_areas, sep = ";") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(wos_research_areas = str_trim(wos_research_areas)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, wos_research_areas) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_total = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n_total)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:2) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup()
## # A tibble: 6 × 3
##   study_motivation wos_research_areas               n_total
##   <fct>            <chr>                              <int>
## 1 Environmental    Environmental Sciences & Ecology     321
## 2 Environmental    Toxicology                           193
## 3 Medical          Neurosciences & Neurology            106
## 4 Medical          Pharmacology & Pharmacy               72
## 5 Basic research   Neurosciences & Neurology             56
## 6 Basic research   Behavioral Sciences                   43

We will now compare the proportion cumulative growth of each study motivation against the most common research areas based on WoS.

I have searched articles published within these research areas from 1992-2022, and create a database to compare against.

Each search indued only a date range (e.g. PY=(1992-2021)) AND the given web of science resarch area (e.g. WC=(Pharmacology & Pharmacy)). Searchers were done on the 04/07/2024. Only the total number of articles each year was taken.

First we will import the research field annual number of articles database I create (martin-et-al-supp-file-9-wos-research-areas-1992-2022.csv). It is provide as supplementary file 9.

setwd(input_path)

wos_research_areas_n <- read.csv("martin-et-al-supp-file-9-wos-research-areas-1992-2022.csv") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(year) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(research_area) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(
    n_cumulative = cumsum(n),  # Calculate the cumulative sum of 'n'
    n_cumulative_prop = n_cumulative / max(n_cumulative), # Calculate the cumulative proportion
    n_2007 = ifelse(year == 2007, n, NA_real_), # Get n value for year 2011
    n_2007= first(na.omit(n_2007)), # Propagate the n_2011 value within the group
    n_ratio_to_2007 = n / n_2007 # Calculate n_ratio_to_2000
  ) %>%
  dplyr::ungroup() %>%
  dplyr::select(research_area, year, n, n_cumulative, n_cumulative_prop, n_ratio_to_2007)

Combined the number of articles with those in the EIPAAB database

pub_year_growth_comp <- pub_year_growth %>% 
  dplyr::rename(research_area = study_motivation)

wos_research_areas_comp <- wos_research_areas_n %>% 
  rbind(., pub_year_growth_comp) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(research_area = factor(research_area, levels=c("Environmental", "Medical", "Basic research",
                                                               "Environmental Sciences and Ecology", "Toxicology",
                                                               "Neurosciences and Neurology", "Pharmacology and Pharmacy",
                                                               "All Research Areas")))

Let’s see what the relative growth was in 2022 (the latest included year in the evidence base)

wos_research_areas_comp %>% 
  dplyr::filter(year == 2022)
## # A tibble: 8 × 6
##   research_area       year      n n_cumulative n_cumulative_prop n_ratio_to_2007
##   <fct>              <dbl>  <dbl>        <dbl>             <dbl>           <dbl>
## 1 Pharmacology and …  2022 8.04e4      1458833                 1            1.77
## 2 Neurosciences and…  2022 2.44e4       450515                 1            1.60
## 3 Toxicology          2022 1.69e4       391858                 1            1.41
## 4 Environmental Sci…  2022 4.60e3       103123                 1            1.07
## 5 All Research Areas  2022 3.62e6     66839129                 1            1.79
## 6 Environmental       2022 5.7 e1          510                 1           19   
## 7 Medical             2022 3   e1          234                 1           10   
## 8 Basic research      2022 9   e0          158                 1            2.25

11.3.1 Enviormental relative growth

Let’s now compare the relative growth in Environmental research

# Define the colour palette
env_colour_theme <- c("#60BD6C", "#2E4B22", "black") # Making colour theme to apply to plot

enviro_comp <-  c("Environmental", "Environmental Sciences and Ecology", "All Research Areas")

line_types <- c("Environmental" = "solid", 
                "Environmental Sciences and Ecology" = "dashed", 
                "All Research Areas" = "solid")

relative_growth_env_fig <- wos_research_areas_comp %>% 
  dplyr::filter(research_area %in% enviro_comp, year > 2006) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = n_ratio_to_2007, x = year, colour = research_area, linetype = research_area)) +
  geom_line(stat = "identity", linewidth = 1.5) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(2007, 2022, by = 1)) +
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 22), breaks = seq(0, 22, by = 4)) + # Scale Y axis from 0 to 22
  scale_colour_manual(values = env_colour_theme, name = "Research Area") +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = line_types) + # Apply manual line types
  guides(linetype = "none") + # Remove legend for line types
  theme_classic() +
  # Customizing the theme
  theme(
    legend.position = c(0.05, 1), # Positioning the legend in the top-left corner within the plot
    legend.justification = c(0, 1), # Ensuring the legend box aligns properly at the top-left corner
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5) # Rotating x-axis labels for better readability
  ) +
  # Adding axis labels
  labs(
    x = "Year of publication",
    y = "Relative growth compared to 2007 (15 year baseline)"
  )

relative_growth_env_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("study_relative_growth_env_fig.pdf", plot = relative_growth_env_fig, width = 5, height = 5)

11.3.2 Medical relative growth

Comparing the relative growth in medical research

# Define the colour palette
med_colour_theme <- c("#D359A1", "#D2137F", "black") # Making colour theme to apply to plot

med_comp <-  c("Medical", "Neurosciences and Neurology", "All Research Areas")

line_types <- c("Medical" = "solid", 
                "Neurosciences and Neurology" = "dashed", 
                "All Research Areas" = "solid")

relative_growth_med_fig <- wos_research_areas_comp %>% 
  dplyr::filter(research_area %in% med_comp, year > 2006) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = n_ratio_to_2007, x = year, colour = research_area, linetype = research_area)) +
  geom_line(stat = "identity", linewidth = 1.5) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(2007, 2022, by = 1)) +
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 22), breaks = seq(0, 22, by = 4)) + # Scale Y axis from 0 to 22
  scale_colour_manual(values = med_colour_theme, name = "Research Area") +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = line_types) + # Apply manual line types
  guides(linetype = "none") + # Remove legend for line types
  theme_classic() +
  # Customizing the theme
  theme(
    legend.position = c(0.05, 1), # Positioning the legend in the top-left corner within the plot
    legend.justification = c(0, 1), # Ensuring the legend box aligns properly at the top-left corner
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5) # Rotating x-axis labels for better readability
  ) +
  # Adding axis labels
  labs(
    x = "Year of publication",
    y = "Relative growth compared to 2007 (15 year baseline)"
  )

relative_growth_med_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("study_relative_growth_med_fig.pdf", plot = relative_growth_med_fig, width = 5, height = 5)

11.3.2 Basic resarch relative growth

Comparing relative growth in basic research

# Define the colour palette
basic_colour_theme <- c("#3C82C4", "#26276D", "black") # Making colour theme to apply to plot

basic_comp <-  c("Basic research", "Neurosciences and Neurology", "All Research Areas")

line_types <- c("Basic research" = "solid", 
                "Neurosciences and Neurology" = "dashed", 
                "All Research Areas" = "solid")

relative_growth_base_fig <- wos_research_areas_comp %>% 
  dplyr::filter(research_area %in% basic_comp, year > 2006) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = n_ratio_to_2007, x = year, colour = research_area, linetype = research_area)) +
  geom_line(stat = "identity", linewidth = 1.5) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(2007, 2022, by = 1)) +
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 22), breaks = seq(0, 22, by = 4)) + # Scale Y axis from 0 to 22
  scale_colour_manual(values = basic_colour_theme, name = "Research Area") +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = line_types) + # Apply manual line types
  guides(linetype = "none") + # Remove legend for line types
  theme_classic() +
  # Customizing the theme
  theme(
    legend.position = c(0.05, 1), # Positioning the legend in the top-left corner within the plot
    legend.justification = c(0, 1), # Ensuring the legend box aligns properly at the top-left corner
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5) # Rotating x-axis labels for better readability
  ) +
  # Adding axis labels
  labs(
    x = "Year of publication",
    y = "Relative growth compared to 2007 (15 year baseline)"
  )

relative_growth_base_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("study_relative_growth_base_fig.pdf", plot = relative_growth_base_fig, width = 5, height = 5)

12 Population, Exposure and Outcome

Looking at the link between the PEO elements. What was the average study design.

Below I have made a table that groups by these elements to see the average study design

It was 1 compound, 1 species and 1 behavioural class (41%)

behav_boolean <- c("behav_movement_boolean", "behav_boldness_boolean", "behav_foraging_boolean", "behav_antipredator_boolean", "behav_mating_boolean", "behav_post_mating_boolean", "behav_agression_boolean", "behav_sociality_boolean", "behav_cognition_boolean", "behav_noncat_boolean")

EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::mutate(behav_n = rowSums(across(all_of(behav_boolean)), na.rm = TRUE)) %>% # how many behav class measured
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(behav_n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::select(compound_n, species_n, behav_n) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_n, species_n, behav_n) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n= length(compound_n),
                 '%' = round(n/902*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n))
## # A tibble: 45 × 5
##    compound_n species_n behav_n     n   `%`
##         <int>     <int>   <dbl> <int> <dbl>
##  1          1         1       1   374  41.5
##  2          1         1       2   160  17.7
##  3          2         1       1    78   8.6
##  4          1         1       3    63   7  
##  5          3         1       1    45   5  
##  6          2         1       2    34   3.8
##  7          4         1       1    24   2.7
##  8          3         1       2    15   1.7
##  9          1         2       1    13   1.4
## 10          5         1       1     9   1  
## # ℹ 35 more rows

I summary df that has the number of PEO elements in each of the 901 studies

PEO_element_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::mutate(behav_n = rowSums(across(all_of(behav_boolean)), na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(behav_n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::select(compound_n, species_n, behav_n)

Looking at the number of species used

PEO_element_summary %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_n) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = length(species_n),
                 '%' = n/901)
## # A tibble: 5 × 3
##   species_n     n     `%`
##       <int> <int>   <dbl>
## 1         1   873 0.969  
## 2         2    25 0.0277 
## 3         3     1 0.00111
## 4         4     1 0.00111
## 5         5     1 0.00111

Looking at the number of compounds used

PEO_element_summary %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_n) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = length(compound_n),
                 '%' = n/901)
## # A tibble: 18 × 3
##    compound_n     n     `%`
##         <int> <int>   <dbl>
##  1          1   624 0.693  
##  2          2   127 0.141  
##  3          3    67 0.0744 
##  4          4    32 0.0355 
##  5          5    16 0.0178 
##  6          6     8 0.00888
##  7          7     6 0.00666
##  8          8     5 0.00555
##  9          9     1 0.00111
## 10         10     2 0.00222
## 11         11     3 0.00333
## 12         12     2 0.00222
## 13         13     2 0.00222
## 14         14     2 0.00222
## 15         16     1 0.00111
## 16         18     1 0.00111
## 17         25     1 0.00111
## 18         52     1 0.00111
PEO_element_summary %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_n) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = length(species_n),
                 '%' = n/901)
## # A tibble: 6 × 3
##   behav_n     n     `%`
##     <dbl> <int>   <dbl>
## 1       1   583 0.647  
## 2       2   227 0.252  
## 3       3    78 0.0866 
## 4       4    10 0.0111 
## 5       5     2 0.00222
## 6       7     1 0.00111

13 Species

Let’s take a closer look at species information

13.1 Number of distict species

There are 173 species in the EIPAAB database

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(species_name) %>% 
  nrow()
## [1] 173

The number of spp each study motivation

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_spp = length(unique(species_name)),
                 total_study = length(unique(article_id)),
                 rel_n = n_spp/total_study)
## # A tibble: 3 × 4
##   study_motivation n_spp total_study rel_n
##   <fct>            <int>       <int> <dbl>
## 1 Environmental      143         510 0.280
## 2 Medical             26         234 0.111
## 3 Basic research      43         158 0.272

There are 21 class

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(species_class) %>% 
  nrow()
## [1] 21

There are 935 different groups of animals used across all 901 studies (i.e. some studies had more then one species)

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(unique_population_id) %>% 
  nrow(.)
## [1] 935

13.2 Major taxa groups

13.2.1 Cladogram (Taxonomic tree)

Let’s make a Cladogram to get an overview of what taxa are in the database

spp_taxonomy <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(species_name) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(species_family), !str_detect(species_species, "spp."), species_kingdom != "Chromista") %>% 
  dplyr::select("species_kingdom", "species_phylum", "species_class", "species_order", 
                        "species_family", "species_genus", "species_species") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(species_species = paste0(substr(species_genus, 1, 1), ". ", sub("^[^ ]+ ", "", species_species)))
# The mutate changes the spp name to abbreviate the Genus (e.g. Aeshna cyanea to A. cyanea)

Create a hierarchical structure for the plot

taxonomy <- spp_taxonomy[, c("species_kingdom", "species_phylum", "species_class", "species_order", "species_family", "species_genus", "species_species")]

taxonomy[] <- lapply(taxonomy, factor)

# Create a phylogenetic tree
phylo_tree <- as.phylo.formula(~species_kingdom/species_phylum/species_class/species_order/species_family/species_genus/species_species, data = taxonomy)

Manual creating a phylo_tree (with equal branches)

ggtree_obj <- ggtree(phylo_tree, branch.length='none', layout='circular')

# Extract the phylum information for coloring
#taxonomy$label <- paste0(substr(spp_taxonomy$species_genus, 1, 1), ". ", spp_taxonomy$species_species)
class_info <- taxonomy$species_class[match(phylo_tree$tip.label, taxonomy$species_species)]

# Add the phylum information to the ggtree object
ggtree_obj <- ggtree_obj %<+% data.frame(label = phylo_tree$tip.label, class = class_info)
## ! # Invaild edge matrix for <phylo>. A <tbl_df> is returned.
## ! # Invaild edge matrix for <phylo>. A <tbl_df> is returned.
# Create a color vector for the phylum levels
class_colors <- rainbow(length(unique(class_info)))
names(class_colors) <- unique(class_info)

# Plot the cladogram with colored branches
spp_cladogram <- ggtree_obj +
  geom_tiplab(size=3) + #If you want to add species names
  geom_tree(aes(color=class)) +
  scale_color_manual(values = class_colors) +
  theme(legend.position = "right")
spp_cladogram

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_cladogram.pdf", plot = spp_cladogram, width = 8, height = 5)

13.2.2 Class level

Let’s group by class to see the major taxonomic Classes used

First removing cases where species_species was “spp.” replacing with NA for taxonomic classification

EIPAAB_database <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(species_species = if_else(species_species == "spp.", NA, species_species))

Let’s look at the major Class

# Total number of spp
n_spp <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(species_name) %>% 
  nrow() 

# Number of spp per Class and per phylum 
spp_classes <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_class, species_phylum) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(count_class = length(unique(species_name)),
                 percent_class = round(count_class/n_spp*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_phylum) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(count_phylum = sum(count_class),
                percent_phylum = round(count_phylum/n_spp*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(percent_class))
  

spp_classes %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10)
## # A tibble: 10 × 6
##    species_class  species_phylum  count_class percent_class count_phylum
##    <chr>          <chr>                 <int>         <dbl>        <int>
##  1 Actinopterygii Chordata                 71          41             87
##  2 Malacostraca   Arthropoda               21          12.1           42
##  3 Gastropoda     Mollusca                 19          11             28
##  4 Amphibia       Chordata                 12           6.9           87
##  5 Branchiopoda   Arthropoda               10           5.8           42
##  6 Bivalvia       Mollusca                  8           4.6           28
##  7 Insecta        Arthropoda                8           4.6           42
##  8 Rhabditophora  Platyhelminthes           5           2.9            6
##  9 Reptilia       Chordata                  3           1.7           87
## 10 Copepoda       Arthropoda                2           1.2           42
## # ℹ 1 more variable: percent_phylum <dbl>

Making a figure for the 15 most abundant Class, it terms of species diversity in the EIPAAB database

class_n_spp_fig <- spp_classes %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(percent_class)) %>% # arrange the dataset
  dplyr::slice(1:15) %>% # Take only the most diverse 15 Class
  dplyr::mutate(species_class = fct_reorder(species_class, percent_class), # Order by diversity
                species_phylum = fct_reorder(species_phylum, desc(percent_phylum))) %>% # Order by diversity
  ggplot(aes(x=species_class, y=count_class, color = species_phylum)) +
  geom_segment(aes(x=species_class, xend=species_class, y=0, yend=count_class)) +
  geom_point(size=4) +
  geom_text(aes(label = count_class), 
            hjust=-1.2, 
            size=3.5, 
            color="black") +
  scale_colour_brewer(palette= "Dark2") +
  coord_flip() +
  ylim(0, 75) +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Number of distict species in the database"
  ) +
   theme(legend.position = c(0., 0.05),  # Positioning the legend inside the plot
    legend.justification = c(-3, 0),   # Bottom left inside the plot
    legend.box.just = "right",
    legend.background = element_rect(fill=alpha('white', 0.5))
   )

class_n_spp_fig

Save the figure

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_class_n_spp_fig.pdf", plot = class_n_spp_fig, width = 5, height = 5)

13.2.3 Phylum level

Here’s a look at the % at the phylum level

# In the class summary we also included percent_phylum
spp_classes %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_phylum) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::select(-species_class, -count_class, -percent_class) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(percent_phylum))
## # A tibble: 8 × 3
##   species_phylum  count_phylum percent_phylum
##   <chr>                  <int>          <dbl>
## 1 Chordata                  87           50.3
## 2 Arthropoda                42           24.3
## 3 Mollusca                  28           16.2
## 4 Platyhelminthes            6            3.5
## 5 Annelida                   3            1.7
## 6 Echinodermata              3            1.7
## 7 Cnidaria                   2            1.2
## 8 Rotifera                   2            1.2

A ring chart at the phylum level

ring_plot_df <- spp_classes %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:15) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(species_phylum) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::select(species_phylum, count_phylum) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_phylum = count_phylum/sum(count_phylum)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(percent_phylum))

# Compute the cumulative percentages (top of each rectangle)
ring_plot_df$ymax = cumsum(ring_plot_df$percent_phylum)

# Compute the bottom of each rectangle
ring_plot_df$ymin = c(0, head(ring_plot_df$ymax, n=-1))

# Compute label position
ring_plot_df$labelPosition <- (ring_plot_df$ymax + ring_plot_df$ymin) / 2

# Compute a good label
ring_plot_df$label <- paste0(ring_plot_df$species_phylum, "\n (n = ", ring_plot_df$count_phylum, ")")


phylum_ring_fig <- ring_plot_df %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(species_phylum = fct_reorder(species_phylum, desc(percent_phylum))) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(ymax=ymax, ymin=ymin, xmax=4, xmin=3, fill=species_phylum)) +
  geom_rect() +
  coord_polar(theta="y") + 
  geom_label(x=5, aes(y=labelPosition, label=label), size=3, alpha = 0.8) +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette= "Dark2") +
  xlim(c(2, 5)) +
  theme_void() +
  theme(legend.position = "none")

phylum_ring_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_phylum_ring_fig.pdf", plot = phylum_ring_fig, width = 5, height = 5)

13.3 Taxa representation

Now we will look at how many times each phylum, class, order, family, genus, species appear in the database

First we will make a dataset that counts the number of species within each phylum, class, order, family, and genus.

# Step 1: Separate and pivot the data
lineage_data <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  pivot_longer(cols = c("species_phylum", "species_class", "species_order", 
                        "species_family", "species_genus", "species_species"), 
               names_to = "lineage_level", values_to = "classification") %>%
  dplyr::mutate(lineage_level = str_remove(lineage_level, "species_"))


# Define the order
lineage_levels_order <- c("phylum", "class", "order", "family", "genus", "species")

# Step 2: Create parent-child relationships
lineage_data <- lineage_data %>%
  group_by(unique_row_id) %>%
  mutate(parent = case_when(
    lineage_level == "phylum" ~ "Animalia",
    lineage_level == "class" ~ lag(classification, 1),
    lineage_level == "order" ~ lag(classification, 1),
    lineage_level == "family" ~ lag(classification, 1),
    lineage_level == "genus" ~ lag(classification, 1),
    lineage_level == "species" ~ lag(classification, 1),
  )) %>%
  ungroup()

Here we sum the total number of species used in the database across each taxonomic classification

n_rows <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  nrow()

lineage_count_use <- lineage_data %>%
  dplyr::group_by(classification, lineage_level, parent) %>%
  dplyr::reframe(classification_count = length(unique_row_id),
                classification_percent = round(classification_count/n_rows*100,1))

Making a plot to look at the 15 most commonly used class, but you can do this at any of the taxonomic levels

class_use_fig <- lineage_count_use %>% 
  dplyr::filter(lineage_level == "class") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(classification_percent)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:15) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(classification = fct_reorder(classification, classification_percent),
                parent = fct_reorder(parent, desc(classification_percent))) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=classification, y=classification_percent, color = parent)) +
  geom_segment(aes(x=classification, xend=classification, y=0, yend=classification_percent)) +
  geom_point(size=4) +
  geom_text(aes(label = paste0(round(classification_percent,2), "%")), 
            hjust=-0.5, 
            size=3.5, 
            color="black") +
  scale_colour_brewer(palette= "Dark2") +
  coord_flip() +
  ylim(0, 100) +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage representation in the database"
  ) +
   theme(legend.position = c(0., 0.05),  # Positioning the legend inside the plot
    legend.justification = c(-3, 0),   # Bottom left inside the plot
    legend.box.just = "right",
    legend.background = element_rect(fill=alpha('white', 0.5))
   )

class_use_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_class_use_fig.pdf", plot = class_use_fig, width = 5, height = 5)
lineage_count_use %>% 
  dplyr::filter(lineage_level == "class") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(classification) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(classification_percent))
## # A tibble: 21 × 5
##    classification lineage_level parent          classification_count
##    <chr>          <chr>         <chr>                          <int>
##  1 Actinopterygii class         Chordata                        1312
##  2 Branchiopoda   class         Arthropoda                       130
##  3 Gastropoda     class         Mollusca                          69
##  4 Malacostraca   class         Arthropoda                        61
##  5 Amphibia       class         Chordata                          44
##  6 Rhabditophora  class         Platyhelminthes                   29
##  7 Bivalvia       class         Mollusca                          25
##  8 Hydrozoa       class         Cnidaria                          22
##  9 Insecta        class         Arthropoda                        17
## 10 Cephalopoda    class         Mollusca                           7
## # ℹ 11 more rows
## # ℹ 1 more variable: classification_percent <dbl>

Here’s break down by Phylum

ring_use_plot_df <- lineage_count_use %>% 
  dplyr::filter(lineage_level == "phylum") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(classification_percent)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(classification_percent = round(classification_percent, 2)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:8)

# Compute the cumulative percentages (top of each rectangle)
ring_use_plot_df$ymax = cumsum(ring_use_plot_df$classification_percent)

# Compute the bottom of each rectangle
ring_use_plot_df$ymin = c(0, head(ring_use_plot_df$ymax, n=-1))

# Compute label position
ring_use_plot_df$labelPosition <- (ring_use_plot_df$ymax + ring_use_plot_df$ymin) / 2

# Compute a good label
ring_use_plot_df$label <- paste0(ring_use_plot_df$classification, "\n (", ring_use_plot_df$classification_percent, "%)")


phylum_use_ring_fig <- ring_use_plot_df %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(classification = fct_reorder(classification, desc(classification_percent))) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(ymax=ymax, ymin=ymin, xmax=4, xmin=3, fill=classification)) +
  geom_rect() +
  coord_polar(theta="y") + 
  geom_label(x=5, aes(y=labelPosition, label=label), size=3, alpha = 0.8) +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette= "Dark2") +
  xlim(c(2, 5)) +
  theme_void() 
  #theme(legend.position = "none")

phylum_use_ring_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_phylum_use_ring_fig.pdf", plot = phylum_use_ring_fig, width = 5, height = 5)

13.3.2 Taxa representation by study motivation

Making a data set that looks at relative representation by each motivation, and the total

lineage_count_use_motivation <- lineage_data %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, lineage_level, parent, classification) %>%
  dplyr::reframe(classification_count = length(unique_row_id)) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, lineage_level) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(n_motivation = sum(classification_count)) %>%
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(classification_percent = (classification_count/n_motivation)*100)

lineage_count_use_all <- lineage_data %>%
  dplyr::group_by(lineage_level, parent, classification) %>%
  dplyr::reframe(classification_count = length(unique_row_id)) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(lineage_level) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(n_motivation = sum(classification_count)) %>%
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(classification_percent = (classification_count/n_motivation)*100) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "All")

lineage_count_use_motivation <- lineage_count_use_motivation %>% 
  rbind(., lineage_count_use_all) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = fct_relevel(study_motivation, "All", "Environmental", "Medical", "Basic research"))

Here’s a tile plot to compare the use of different taxa across the study motivations

class_order_df <- lineage_count_use %>% 
  dplyr::filter(lineage_level == "class") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(classification_percent) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(class_order = 1:nrow(.)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(classification, class_order)


class_use_motivation_fig <- lineage_count_use_motivation %>% 
  dplyr::filter(lineage_level == "class") %>% 
  dplyr::full_join(., class_order_df, by = "classification") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(classification = fct_reorder(classification, class_order),
                parent = fct_reorder(parent, desc(class_order))) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = study_motivation, y = classification, fill = classification_percent)) +
  geom_tile() +
  geom_text(aes(label = paste0(round(classification_percent, 1),"%"))) +
  scale_fill_gradient(name = expression("Relative\nabudance (%)"),
                      low = "#FFFFFF", high = "#231F20") +
  theme_classic() +
 # theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1.1, vjust = 0.4)) +
  labs(x = "Study motivation",
       y = "Taxonomic class")
class_use_motivation_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_class_use_motivation_fig.pdf", plot = class_use_motivation_fig, width = 5, height = 5)

13.3.3 Most common species

Let’s see what the most common species were. This is calculated at the population level (i.e. doesn’t count each species mutiple times if multiple compounds were used in a single article; unique_population_id)

n_total <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = length(unique_population_id)) %>% 
  nrow(.)

n_spp <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id, species_ncbi_taxonomy_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_name, species_ncbi_taxonomy_id) %>%
  dplyr::reframe(n = length(species_name),
                 percent = round(n/n_total*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(spp_number = 1:nrow(.))

n_spp
## # A tibble: 173 × 5
##    species_name           species_ncbi_taxonomy_id     n percent spp_number
##    <chr>                  <chr>                    <int>   <dbl>      <int>
##  1 Danio rerio            NCBI:txid7955              412    44.1          1
##  2 Daphnia magna          NCBI:txid35525              54     5.8          2
##  3 Pimephales promelas    NCBI:txid90988              32     3.4          3
##  4 Betta splendens        NCBI:txid158456             26     2.8          4
##  5 Poecilia reticulata    NCBI:txid8081               26     2.8          5
##  6 Gambusia holbrooki     NCBI:txid37273              18     1.9          6
##  7 Carassius auratus      NCBI:txid7957               16     1.7          7
##  8 Oryzias latipes        NCBI:txid8090               16     1.7          8
##  9 Gasterosteus aculeatus NCBI:txid69293              14     1.5          9
## 10 Oncorhynchus mykiss    NCBI:txid8022               12     1.3         10
## # ℹ 163 more rows

Making a broad category of abundance (article_n_group) to make the summary and figure more digestible

n_spp_fig_data <- n_spp %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(species_ncbi_taxonomy_id = fct_reorder(species_ncbi_taxonomy_id, desc(n))) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(
    article_n_group = case_when(
      n == 1 ~ "One only",
      n >= 2 & n <= 5 ~ "Between 2 and 5",
      n >= 5 & n <= 10 ~ "Between 6 and 10",
      n >= 10 ~ "Greater than 10",
      TRUE ~ "Others"
    )
  )

This is the number of species in each category

article_n_group_summary <- n_spp_fig_data %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_n_group) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_cat = length(species_name))
article_n_group_summary
## # A tibble: 4 × 2
##   article_n_group  n_cat
##   <chr>            <int>
## 1 Between 2 and 5     53
## 2 Between 6 and 10     6
## 3 Greater than 10     11
## 4 One only           103

Making a plot to show the distribution of species use in the EIPAAB database

n_spp_fig <- n_spp_fig_data %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(article_n_group = fct_relevel(article_n_group, "Greater than 10", "Between 6 and 10", "Between 2 and 5", "One only")) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = n, x = spp_number, color = article_n_group)) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 1, alpha = 0.2) +
  geom_point(stat = "identity", size = 1, alpha = 0.8) +
  scale_color_manual(
    values = c(
    "One only" = "#E94039", 
    "Between 2 and 5" = "#F18E76", 
    "Between 6 and 10" = "#877FBC", 
    "Greater than 10" = "#4D479D"
    ),
  labels = c(
      "One only" = "One only (n = 104)",
      "Between 2 and 5" = "Between 2 and 5 (n = 53)",
      "Between 6 and 10" = "Between 6 and 10 (n = 11)",
      "Greater than 10" = "Greater than 10 (n = 6)"
      )
  ) +  # Set colours for each category
  theme_classic() +
  theme(
    legend.position = c(-0.3, 0.4),  # Positioning the legend inside the plot
    legend.justification = c(-3, 0),   # Bottom left inside the plot
    legend.box.just = "right"
    ) +
  labs(
    x = paste0("Species (1-174)"),
    y = "Number of articles",
    color = "Article number category"
  )

n_spp_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_n_spp_fig.pdf", plot = n_spp_fig, width = 5, height = 5)

Making a list of the most common 15 species

n_spp_used <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(unique_population_id) %>% 
  nrow(.)

top_15_spp_list <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_name) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n = length(unique(unique_population_id)), .groups = 'drop') %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>%  
  dplyr::slice(1:15) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(species_name) %>% 
  as.list()

Making a summary dataframe base on study motivation

common_species <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::filter(species_name %in% top_15_spp_list) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(species_name, study_motivation) %>%
  dplyr::summarise(n = length(unique(article_id)), .groups = 'drop') %>%
  tidyr::complete(species_name, study_motivation, fill = list(n = 0))


species_order <- common_species %>%
  group_by(species_name) %>%
  summarise(total_n = sum(n), .groups = 'drop') %>%
  arrange(desc(total_n)) %>%
  ungroup()


common_species <- common_species %>%
  inner_join(species_order, by = "species_name") %>%
  mutate(species_name = fct_reorder(species_name, total_n),
         study_motivation = fct_relevel(study_motivation, "Environmental", "Medical", "Basic research")) 

A plot of the number of times each of the 15 overall most common species appeared in articles within the EIPAAB databse by study motivation. It’s a little hard to see in the chunk output, try viewing in an external window.

top_15_spp_fig <- common_species %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=species_name, y=n, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Number of studies"
  ) +
   theme()

top_15_spp_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_top_15_spp_fig.pdf", plot = top_15_spp_fig, width = 5, height = 10)

Summarising the top 10 in each motivation more specifically

spp_moitivation_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_name, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n = length(unique(unique_population_id)), .groups = 'drop') %>% 
  tidyr::complete(species_name, study_motivation, fill = list(n = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(prop = n/total) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total)

This plot shows the top 10 in each motivation

top_10_env_spp <- spp_moitivation_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Environmental") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(species_name = fct_reorder(species_name, n)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=species_name, y=n)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.01, colour = "#60BD6C", fill = "#60BD6C") +
  geom_point(size = 2, colour = "#60BD6C", fill = "#60BD6C") +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Number of studies",
    title = "Environmental"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 12)
   )

top_10_med_spp <- spp_moitivation_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Medical") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(species_name = fct_reorder(species_name, n)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=species_name, y=n)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.01, colour = "#D359A1", fill = "#D359A1") +
  geom_point(size = 2, colour = "#D359A1", fill = "#D359A1") +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Number of studies",
    title = "Medical"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 12)
   )

top_10_base_spp <- spp_moitivation_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Basic research") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(species_name = fct_reorder(species_name, n)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=species_name, y=n)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.01, colour = "#3C82C4", fill = "#3C82C4") +
  geom_point(size = 2, colour = "#3C82C4", fill = "#3C82C4") +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Number of studies",
    title = "Basic"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 12)
   )

Here’s a plot to compare the top 10 spp in each study motivation more specifically

top_10_combind_plot <- grid.arrange(top_10_env_spp, top_10_med_spp, top_10_base_spp, ncol = 3)

Looking at the number of distinct species used in each motivation group

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_motivation = n_distinct(article_id),
                 n_distinct_spp = n_distinct(species_name))
## # A tibble: 3 × 3
##   study_motivation n_motivation n_distinct_spp
##   <fct>                   <int>          <int>
## 1 Environmental             510            143
## 2 Medical                   234             26
## 3 Basic research            158             43

13.4 Species habitat

First checking how many species have IUCN data, which we will use to assess habitat differences

species_iucn_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_name) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(species_iucn_bin = if_else(is.na(species_iucn_doi), "No", "Yes")) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_iucn_bin) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = length(species_iucn_bin))

species_iucn_summary
## # A tibble: 2 × 2
##   species_iucn_bin     n
##   <chr>            <int>
## 1 No                  67
## 2 Yes                106

Summarising the IUNC habitat type, some species will have multiple habitats, so we split the string by the sepreate (;)

habitat_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_iucn_habitat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_iucn_habitat = str_trim(species_iucn_habitat)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_iucn_habitat, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs spliting
  dplyr::group_by(species_iucn_habitat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_articles = sum(n)) %>% # now a sum for each habitat
  arrange(desc(n_articles))
habitat_summary
## # A tibble: 13 × 2
##    species_iucn_habitat             n_articles
##    <chr>                                 <int>
##  1 Wetlands inland                         738
##  2 Artificial or Aquatic and Marine        187
##  3 <NA>                                    164
##  4 Marine Neritic                           99
##  5 Marine Coastal or Supratidal             44
##  6 Marine Intertidal                        27
##  7 Forest                                   23
##  8 Grassland                                22
##  9 Artificial or Terrestrial                21
## 10 Shrubland                                18
## 11 Savanna                                  13
## 12 Marine Oceanic                           10
## 13 Unknown                                   2

Checking how many freshwater vs marine species there are. Wetlands inland categories are freshwater bodies where as Marine have multiple categories (Marine Neritic, Marine Coastal or Supratidal, Marine Intertidal, Marine Oceanic).

habitat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(str_starts(species_iucn_habitat, "Marine") | species_iucn_habitat == "Wetlands inland") %>% # Only habitats of interest 
  dplyr::mutate(aquatic_type = if_else(species_iucn_habitat == "Wetlands inland", "Freshwater", "Marine")) %>% # New category
  dplyr::group_by(aquatic_type) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_articles = sum(n_articles)) %>% # Final sums
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(n_total = sum(n_articles),
                percent =  round(n_articles/n_total*100,1))
## # A tibble: 2 × 4
##   aquatic_type n_articles n_total percent
##   <chr>             <int>   <int>   <dbl>
## 1 Freshwater          738     918    80.4
## 2 Marine              180     918    19.6

Lets break this up by study motivation

habitat_summary_all <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, species_iucn_habitat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_iucn_habitat = str_trim(species_iucn_habitat)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_iucn_habitat, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs spliting
  dplyr::group_by(species_iucn_habitat, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_articles = sum(n)) %>% # now a sum for each habitat
  arrange(desc(n_articles))
habitat_summary_all
## # A tibble: 37 × 3
##    species_iucn_habitat             study_motivation n_articles
##    <chr>                            <fct>                 <int>
##  1 Wetlands inland                  Environmental           384
##  2 Wetlands inland                  Medical                 224
##  3 Artificial or Aquatic and Marine Environmental           135
##  4 <NA>                             Environmental           131
##  5 Wetlands inland                  Basic research          130
##  6 Marine Neritic                   Environmental            80
##  7 Artificial or Aquatic and Marine Basic research           40
##  8 Marine Coastal or Supratidal     Environmental            33
##  9 <NA>                             Basic research           22
## 10 Marine Intertidal                Environmental            19
## # ℹ 27 more rows

Selecting only habitats of interest and allocating to Freshwater or Marine

freshwater_marine <- habitat_summary_all %>% 
  dplyr::filter(str_starts(species_iucn_habitat, "Marine") | species_iucn_habitat == "Wetlands inland") %>% # Only habitats of interest 
  dplyr::mutate(aquatic_type = if_else(species_iucn_habitat == "Wetlands inland", "Freshwater", "Marine")) %>% # New category
  dplyr::group_by(aquatic_type, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_articles = sum(n_articles)) %>% # Final sums
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(n_cat = sum(n_articles)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(prop =  n_articles/n_cat) # A proportion of those identify as freshwater vs marine

freshwater_marine
## # A tibble: 6 × 5
##   aquatic_type study_motivation n_articles n_cat   prop
##   <chr>        <fct>                 <int> <int>  <dbl>
## 1 Freshwater   Environmental           384   520 0.738 
## 2 Freshwater   Medical                 224   237 0.945 
## 3 Freshwater   Basic research          130   161 0.807 
## 4 Marine       Environmental           136   520 0.262 
## 5 Marine       Medical                  13   237 0.0549
## 6 Marine       Basic research           31   161 0.193
aquatic_type_order <- c("Freshwater", "Marine")

# Define the black and grey color theme
#color_theme <- c("#7FAB91", "#2A4A64")

# Calculate cumulative positions for text labels
freshwater_marine <- freshwater_marine %>%
  dplyr::mutate(aquatic_type = factor(aquatic_type, levels = aquatic_type_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>%
  dplyr::arrange(desc(aquatic_type)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(cumulative_prop = cumsum(prop) - prop / 2)

# Define the black and grey color theme
color_theme <- c("#7FAB91", "#2A4A64")

# Create the plot
habitat_fig <- freshwater_marine %>%
  mutate(study_motivation = fct_relevel(study_motivation, "Basic research", "Medical", "Environmental")) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = prop, x = study_motivation, fill = aquatic_type, group = aquatic_type)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.9) +
  geom_text(aes(label = round(prop, 2), y = cumulative_prop), color = "white", size = 3) + 
  scale_fill_manual(values = color_theme, name = "Habitat") + 
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = "right") +
  labs(
    x = "Study motivation",
    y = "Proportion of all species assigned to freshwater or marine habitat"
  ) +
  coord_flip()

habitat_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_habitat_fig.pdf", plot = habitat_fig, width = 10, height = 5)

We should also consider how many records did not inculde IUCN reports and thus habitat.

Let’s make a plot that shows how many didn’t have an assigned IUNC habitat. To add to the above figure.

no_habitat <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_iucn_bin = if_else(is.na(species_iucn_doi), "No", "Yes")) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_iucn_bin) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = length(species_iucn_bin))
  

n_total <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>%
  nrow(.)

no_habitat <- no_habitat %>%
  dplyr::mutate(prop = n/n_total)

no_habitat
## # A tibble: 2 × 3
##   species_iucn_bin     n  prop
##   <chr>            <int> <dbl>
## 1 No                 163 0.174
## 2 Yes                772 0.826

Here’s the plot

# Define the black and grey color theme
black_and_grey <- c("#BCBEC0", "#414042")

yes_order <- c("Yes", "No")

# Calculate cumulative positions for text labels
habitat_info_df_fig <- no_habitat %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_iucn_bin = factor(species_iucn_bin, levels = yes_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(species_iucn_bin)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(cumulative_prop = cumsum(prop) - prop / 2)

habitat_info_fig <- habitat_info_df_fig %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_iucn_bin = factor(species_iucn_bin, levels = yes_order)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = prop, x = 1, fill = species_iucn_bin)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.1) +
  geom_text(aes(label = round(prop, 2), y = cumulative_prop), color = "white") + 
  scale_fill_manual(values = black_and_grey, name = "Habitat") + 
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = "right",
        axis.text.x = element_blank(),  # Remove x-axis text
        axis.ticks.x = element_blank()  # Remove x-axis ticks 
        ) +
  labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Proportion of species tested in the database"
  )
habitat_info_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_habitat_info_fig.pdf", plot = habitat_info_fig, width = 5, height = 10)

13.5 Species life satge

Let’s get an overall summary first, without Unknown or not specified life stages

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_stage) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_stage = str_trim(species_stage)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_stage, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::filter(species_stage != "Unknown or not specified") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_stage) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_articles = sum(n)) %>%  # now a sum for each habitat
  dplyr::mutate(total_stages = sum(n_articles)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(overall_percent = round(n_articles/total_stages*100,1))
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   species_stage n_articles total_stages overall_percent
##   <chr>              <int>        <int>           <dbl>
## 1 Adult                443          831            53.3
## 2 Egg or embryo         46          831             5.5
## 3 Juvenile             123          831            14.8
## 4 Larvae               219          831            26.4

Let’s take a look at spp life stages used in the EIPAAB databasebased on study motivation

stage_summary_all <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, species_stage) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_stage = str_trim(species_stage)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_stage, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::group_by(species_stage, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_total = sum(n)) %>%  # now a sum for each habitat
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(n_motivation = sum(n_total)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup()

stage_summary_all
## # A tibble: 15 × 4
##    species_stage            study_motivation n_total n_motivation
##    <chr>                    <fct>              <int>        <int>
##  1 Adult                    Environmental        236          586
##  2 Adult                    Medical              134          245
##  3 Adult                    Basic research        73          166
##  4 Egg or embryo            Environmental         31          586
##  5 Egg or embryo            Medical               11          245
##  6 Egg or embryo            Basic research         4          166
##  7 Juvenile                 Environmental         92          586
##  8 Juvenile                 Medical               14          245
##  9 Juvenile                 Basic research        17          166
## 10 Larvae                   Environmental        127          586
## 11 Larvae                   Medical               64          245
## 12 Larvae                   Basic research        28          166
## 13 Unknown or not specified Environmental        100          586
## 14 Unknown or not specified Medical               22          245
## 15 Unknown or not specified Basic research        44          166

For life stages that are described, what is the breakdown

stage_order <- c("Adult", "Juvenile", "Larvae", "Egg or embryo")

# Define the black and grey color theme
color_theme <- c("#A14323", "#D86C2F", "#EE9E5A", "#F3E9A5")

# Making proportion for those that did report 
stage_summary_described <- stage_summary_all %>%
  dplyr::filter(species_stage %in% stage_order) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(n_motivation = sum(n_total)) %>%
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(prop = n_total/n_motivation)
    


# Calculate cumulative positions for text labels
stage_summary_described <- stage_summary_described %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_stage = factor(species_stage, levels = stage_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>%
  dplyr::arrange(desc(species_stage)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(cumulative_prop = cumsum(prop) - prop / 4)

# Create the plot
life_stage_fig <- stage_summary_described %>%
  mutate(study_motivation = fct_relevel(study_motivation, "Basic research", "Medical", "Environmental")) %>%
  ggplot(aes(y = prop, x = study_motivation, fill = species_stage, group = species_stage)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.9) +
  geom_text(aes(label = round(prop, 2), y = cumulative_prop), color = "white", size = 3) + 
 scale_fill_manual(values = color_theme, name = "Life stage") + 
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = "right") +
  labs(
    x = "Study motivation",
    y = "Proportion of all species assigned to a life stage"
  ) +
  coord_flip()

life_stage_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_life_stage_fig.pdf", plot = life_stage_fig, width = 10, height = 5)

Let’s also look at how many where unknown or not described

stage_summary_info  <- stage_summary_all %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(stage_reported = if_else(species_stage == "Unknown or not specified", "No", "Yes")) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(stage_reported) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_total))

n_total <- stage_summary_info %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_total = sum(n)) %>% 
  pull(n_total)

stage_summary_info <- stage_summary_info %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(prop = n/n_total)

Here’s the plot

# Define the black and grey color theme
black_and_grey <- c("#BCBEC0", "#414042")

yes_order <- c("Yes", "No")

# Calculate cumulative positions for text labels
stage_summary_info <- stage_summary_info %>%
  dplyr::mutate(stage_reported = factor(stage_reported, levels = yes_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(stage_reported)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(cumulative_prop = cumsum(prop) - prop / 2)

stage_info_fig <- stage_summary_info %>%
  dplyr::mutate(stage_reported = factor(stage_reported, levels = yes_order)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = prop, x = 1, fill = stage_reported)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.9) +
  geom_text(aes(label = round(prop, 2), y = cumulative_prop), color = "white") + 
  scale_fill_manual(values = black_and_grey, name = "Stage reported") + 
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = "right",
        axis.text.x = element_blank(),  # Remove x-axis text
        axis.ticks.x = element_blank()  # Remove x-axis ticks 
  ) +
  labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Proportion of species tested in the database"
  )
stage_info_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_stage_info_fig.pdf", plot = stage_info_fig, width = 2.5, height = 5)

13.6 Species sex

First overall breakdown by female and male without including unreported or hermaphroditic animals

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_sex) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_sex = str_trim(species_sex)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_sex, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::group_by(species_sex) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n_articles = sum(n), .groups = 'drop') %>%  # now a sum for each habitat
  tidyr::complete(species_sex, 
                  fill = list(n_articles = 0)) %>%  # make a full df with empty categories = 0
  dplyr::ungroup() %>%
  dplyr::filter(species_sex == "Female" | species_sex == "Male") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_sex = sum(n_articles)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(overall_percent = round(n_articles/total_sex*100,1))
## # A tibble: 2 × 4
##   species_sex n_articles total_sex overall_percent
##   <chr>            <int>     <int>           <dbl>
## 1 Female             280       623            44.9
## 2 Male               343       623            55.1

Let’s take a look at the sex of spp used in the EIPAAB database

sex_summary_all <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, species_sex) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_sex = str_trim(species_sex)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_sex, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::group_by(species_sex, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n_articles = sum(n), .groups = 'drop') %>%  # now a sum for each habitat
  tidyr::complete(species_sex, study_motivation, 
                  fill = list(n_articles = 0)) %>%  # make a full df with empty categories = 0
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_sex = sum(n_articles)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(overall_prop = n_articles/total_sex)
sex_summary_all
## # A tibble: 12 × 5
##    species_sex              study_motivation n_articles total_sex overall_prop
##    <chr>                    <fct>                 <int>     <int>        <dbl>
##  1 Female                   Environmental           136       645      0.211  
##  2 Female                   Medical                  91       323      0.282  
##  3 Female                   Basic research           53       205      0.259  
##  4 Hermaphrodites           Environmental             4       645      0.00620
##  5 Hermaphrodites           Medical                   0       323      0      
##  6 Hermaphrodites           Basic research            0       205      0      
##  7 Male                     Environmental           180       645      0.279  
##  8 Male                     Medical                 100       323      0.310  
##  9 Male                     Basic research           63       205      0.307  
## 10 Unknown or not specified Environmental           325       645      0.504  
## 11 Unknown or not specified Medical                 132       323      0.409  
## 12 Unknown or not specified Basic research           89       205      0.434

Let’s look at just the proportion of those defined as male and female

sex_male_female <-  sex_summary_all %>% 
  dplyr::filter(species_sex == "Female" | species_sex == "Male") %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_sex, -overall_prop) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_male_female = sum(n_articles)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(prop = n_articles/total_male_female)

Making the plot

sex_order <- c("Female", "Male")

color_theme <- c("#eb4729", "#1b909a")

# Calculate cumulative positions for text labels
sex_male_female <- sex_male_female %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_sex = factor(species_sex, levels = sex_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>%
  dplyr::arrange(desc(species_sex)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(cumulative_prop = cumsum(prop) - prop / 2)

# Create the plot
sex_fig <- sex_male_female %>%
  mutate(study_motivation = fct_relevel(study_motivation, "Basic research", "Medical", "Environmental")) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = prop, x = study_motivation, fill = species_sex, group = species_sex)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.9) +
  geom_text(aes(label = round(prop, 2), y = cumulative_prop), color = "white", size = 3) + 
  scale_fill_manual(values = color_theme, name = "Sex") + 
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = "right") +
  labs(
    x = "Study motivation",
    y = "Proportion of all species assigned to female or male"
  ) +
  coord_flip()

sex_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_sex_fig.pdf", plot = sex_fig, width = 10, height = 5)

Now let’s look at those not assgined to a sex

sex_summary_info <- sex_summary_all %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sex_reported = if_else(species_sex == "Unknown or not specified", "No", "Yes")) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sex_reported) %>%
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_articles))

n_total <- sex_summary_info %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_total = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(n_total)

sex_summary_info <- sex_summary_info %>%
  dplyr::mutate(prop = n/n_total)

Here’s the plot

# Define the black and grey color theme
black_and_grey <- c("#BCBEC0", "#414042")

yes_order <- c("Yes", "No")

# Calculate cumulative positions for text labels
sex_summary_info <- sex_summary_info %>%
  dplyr::mutate(sex_reported = factor(sex_reported, levels = yes_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(sex_reported)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(cumulative_prop = cumsum(prop) - prop / 2)

sex_info_fig <- sex_summary_info %>%
  dplyr::mutate(sex_reported = factor(sex_reported, levels = yes_order)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = prop, x = 1, fill = sex_reported)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.9) +
  geom_text(aes(label = round(prop, 2), y = cumulative_prop), color = "white") + 
  scale_fill_manual(values = black_and_grey, name = "Sex reported") + 
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = "right",
        axis.text.x = element_blank(),  # Remove x-axis text
        axis.ticks.x = element_blank()  # Remove x-axis ticks 
        ) +
  labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Proportion of all species"
  )
sex_info_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_sex_info_fig.pdf", plot = sex_info_fig, width = 2.5, height = 5)

13.7 Species source

Breakdown without unreported

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_source) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_source = str_trim(species_source)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_source, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::group_by(species_source) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n_articles = sum(n), .groups = 'drop') %>%  # now a sum for each habitat
  tidyr::complete(species_source, 
                  fill = list(n_articles = 0)) %>%  # make a full df with empty categories = 0
  dplyr::filter(species_source != "Not reported") %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_source = sum(n_articles)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(overall_percent = round(n_articles/total_source*100, 1)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(overall_percent))
## # A tibble: 5 × 4
##   species_source                     n_articles total_source overall_percent
##   <chr>                                   <int>        <int>           <dbl>
## 1 Commercial supplier or fish farm          305          802            38  
## 2 Lab stock of undisclosed origin           213          802            26.6
## 3 Wild collected                            196          802            24.4
## 4 Lab stock from commercial supplier         55          802             6.9
## 5 Lab stock from wild population             33          802             4.1

Let’s look at where the animals were sourced for articles in the EIPAAB database

source_summary_all <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, species_source) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_source = str_trim(species_source)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_source, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::group_by(species_source, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n_articles = sum(n), .groups = 'drop') %>%  # now a sum for each habitat
  tidyr::complete(species_source, study_motivation, 
                  fill = list(n_articles = 0)) %>%  # make a full df with empty categories = 0
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_source = sum(n_articles)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(overall_prop = n_articles/total_source)
source_summary_all
## # A tibble: 18 × 5
##    species_source          study_motivation n_articles total_source overall_prop
##    <chr>                   <fct>                 <int>        <int>        <dbl>
##  1 Commercial supplier or… Environmental           134          548      0.245  
##  2 Commercial supplier or… Medical                 101          241      0.419  
##  3 Commercial supplier or… Basic research           71          161      0.441  
##  4 Lab stock from commerc… Environmental            29          548      0.0529 
##  5 Lab stock from commerc… Medical                  16          241      0.0664 
##  6 Lab stock from commerc… Basic research           10          161      0.0621 
##  7 Lab stock from wild po… Environmental            25          548      0.0456 
##  8 Lab stock from wild po… Medical                   1          241      0.00415
##  9 Lab stock from wild po… Basic research            7          161      0.0435 
## 10 Lab stock of undisclos… Environmental           119          548      0.217  
## 11 Lab stock of undisclos… Medical                  64          241      0.266  
## 12 Lab stock of undisclos… Basic research           30          161      0.186  
## 13 Not reported            Environmental            72          548      0.131  
## 14 Not reported            Medical                  51          241      0.212  
## 15 Not reported            Basic research           25          161      0.155  
## 16 Wild collected          Environmental           169          548      0.308  
## 17 Wild collected          Medical                   8          241      0.0332 
## 18 Wild collected          Basic research           18          161      0.112
source_summary <- source_summary_all %>% 
  dplyr::filter(species_source != "Not reported") %>% 
  dplyr::select(species_source, study_motivation, n_articles) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_reported = sum(n_articles)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(prop = n_articles/total_reported)
source_summary
## # A tibble: 15 × 5
##    species_source             study_motivation n_articles total_reported    prop
##    <chr>                      <fct>                 <int>          <int>   <dbl>
##  1 Commercial supplier or fi… Environmental           134            476 0.282  
##  2 Commercial supplier or fi… Medical                 101            190 0.532  
##  3 Commercial supplier or fi… Basic research           71            136 0.522  
##  4 Lab stock from commercial… Environmental            29            476 0.0609 
##  5 Lab stock from commercial… Medical                  16            190 0.0842 
##  6 Lab stock from commercial… Basic research           10            136 0.0735 
##  7 Lab stock from wild popul… Environmental            25            476 0.0525 
##  8 Lab stock from wild popul… Medical                   1            190 0.00526
##  9 Lab stock from wild popul… Basic research            7            136 0.0515 
## 10 Lab stock of undisclosed … Environmental           119            476 0.25   
## 11 Lab stock of undisclosed … Medical                  64            190 0.337  
## 12 Lab stock of undisclosed … Basic research           30            136 0.221  
## 13 Wild collected             Environmental           169            476 0.355  
## 14 Wild collected             Medical                   8            190 0.0421 
## 15 Wild collected             Basic research           18            136 0.132
source_order <- c("Wild collected", "Lab stock from wild population", "Lab stock of undisclosed origin", 
                  "Lab stock from commercial supplier", "Commercial supplier or fish farm")

# Define the black and grey color theme
color_theme <- c("#607C3B", "#A7D271", "#6B6E70", "#A66EAF", "#61346B")

# Calculate cumulative positions for text labels
source_summary <- source_summary %>%
  dplyr::mutate(species_source = factor(species_source, levels = source_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>%
  dplyr::arrange(desc(species_source)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(cumulative_prop = cumsum(prop) - prop / 5)

# Create the plot
source_fig <- source_summary %>%
  mutate(study_motivation = fct_relevel(study_motivation, "Basic research", "Medical", "Environmental")) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = prop, x = study_motivation, fill = species_source, group = species_source)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.9) +
  geom_text(aes(label = round(prop, 2), y = cumulative_prop), color = "white", size = 3) + 
 scale_fill_manual(values = color_theme, name = "Life stage") + 
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = "right") +
  labs(
    x = "Study motivation",
    y = "Proportion of all species with a described source"
  ) +
  coord_flip()

source_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_source_fig.pdf", plot = source_fig, width = 10, height = 5)

Now let’s look at those not assigned a source

source_summary_info <- source_summary_all %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(source_reported = if_else(species_source == "Not reported", "No", "Yes")) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(source_reported) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_articles))

n_total <- source_summary_info %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n_total = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(n_total)
  
source_summary_info <- source_summary_info %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(prop = n/n_total)

Here’s the plot

# Define the black and grey color theme
black_and_grey <- c("#BCBEC0", "#414042")

yes_order <- c("Yes", "No")

# Calculate cumulative positions for text labels
source_summary_info <- source_summary_info %>%
  dplyr::mutate(source_reported = factor(source_reported, levels = yes_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(source_reported)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(cumulative_prop = cumsum(prop) - prop / 2)

source_info_fig <- source_summary_info %>%
  dplyr::mutate(source_reported = factor(source_reported, levels = yes_order)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = prop, x = 1, fill = source_reported)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", width = 0.9) +
  geom_text(aes(label = round(prop, 2), y = cumulative_prop), color = "white") + 
  scale_fill_manual(values = black_and_grey, name = "Source reported") + 
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position = "right",
        axis.text.x = element_blank(),  # Remove x-axis text
        axis.ticks.x = element_blank()  # Remove x-axis ticks 
        ) +
  labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Proportion of all species"
  )
source_info_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("spp_source_info_fig.pdf", plot = source_info_fig, width = 5, height = 10)

14 Compounds

14.1 Number of compounds in database

There are 426 distinct compounds in the database

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(compound_name) %>% 
  nrow()
## [1] 426

14.1.1 Number of compounds per study

article_n <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(article_id) %>% 
  nrow(.)

compound_n_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_n) %>%
  dplyr::reframe(n = n(),
                   percent = round((n/article_n)*100,1))

compound_n_summary
## # A tibble: 18 × 3
##    compound_n     n percent
##         <int> <int>   <dbl>
##  1          1   624    69.3
##  2          2   127    14.1
##  3          3    67     7.4
##  4          4    32     3.6
##  5          5    16     1.8
##  6          6     8     0.9
##  7          7     6     0.7
##  8          8     5     0.6
##  9          9     1     0.1
## 10         10     2     0.2
## 11         11     3     0.3
## 12         12     2     0.2
## 13         13     2     0.2
## 14         14     2     0.2
## 15         16     1     0.1
## 16         18     1     0.1
## 17         25     1     0.1
## 18         52     1     0.1

How mnay used more then 5

compound_n_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_n > 5) %>% 
  reframe(n = sum(n),
          percent = round((n/article_n)*100,1))
## # A tibble: 1 × 2
##       n percent
##   <int>   <dbl>
## 1    35     3.9
compound_n_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_n, study_motivation) %>%
  dplyr::summarise(n = n(), .groups = 'drop') %>% 
  tidyr::complete(compound_n, study_motivation, fill = list(n = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(prop_motivation = n/total_motivation)

compound_n_summary
## # A tibble: 54 × 5
##    compound_n study_motivation     n total_motivation prop_motivation
##         <int> <fct>            <int>            <int>           <dbl>
##  1          1 Environmental      389              510          0.763 
##  2          1 Medical            135              234          0.577 
##  3          1 Basic research     100              157          0.637 
##  4          2 Environmental       61              510          0.120 
##  5          2 Medical             42              234          0.179 
##  6          2 Basic research      24              157          0.153 
##  7          3 Environmental       27              510          0.0529
##  8          3 Medical             26              234          0.111 
##  9          3 Basic research      14              157          0.0892
## 10          4 Environmental       17              510          0.0333
## # ℹ 44 more rows
# Define the colour palette
motivation_colour_theme <- c("#60BD6C", "#D359A1", "#3C82C4") # Making colour theme to apply to plot

compound_n_oder <- c(1:9, ">10")

compound_n_fig <- compound_n_summary %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(
    compound_n = as.character(if_else(compound_n > 10, 10, compound_n)), # Grouping cases above 10
    compound_n = if_else(compound_n == "10", ">10", compound_n)
    ) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_n, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_n = factor(compound_n, levels = compound_n_oder)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_n, y=n, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), vjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Number of studies"
  ) +
   theme()

compound_n_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("comp_compound_n_fig.pdf", plot = compound_n_fig, width = 10, height = 5)

14.2 Therputic diversity in the database

First lets see how many compounds have an ATC classification.

305 out of 426 (71.6%)

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_name) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_boolean) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = length(compound_atc_boolean))
## # A tibble: 2 × 2
##   compound_atc_boolean     n
##   <chr>                <int>
## 1 No                     121
## 2 Yes                    305

14.2.1 ATC level 1

Let’s seem how many classes there are at the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) level 1

There are 14 classes at the 1st ATC level (the highest class of the ATC). This is ever class at the first level

n_compound_atc <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_boolean == "Yes") %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(compound_name) %>% 
  nrow(.)

compound_ATC_L1_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_name) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_boolean == "Yes") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_1) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(compound_atc_level_1 = str_trim(compound_atc_level_1)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(compound_atc_level_1, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_1) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n),
                 percent = round(n/n_compound_atc*100,1),
                 measure = "compounds") %>% # now a sum for each habitat
  arrange(desc(n))

compound_ATC_L1_summary
## # A tibble: 14 × 4
##    compound_atc_level_1                                        n percent measure
##    <chr>                                                   <int>   <dbl> <chr>  
##  1 n nervous system                                          137    44.9 compou…
##  2 c cardiovascular system                                    49    16.1 compou…
##  3 a alimentary tract and metabolism                          35    11.5 compou…
##  4 s sensory organs                                           34    11.1 compou…
##  5 g genito urinary system and sex hormones                   30     9.8 compou…
##  6 j antiinfectives for systemic use                          28     9.2 compou…
##  7 d dermatologicals                                          27     8.9 compou…
##  8 r respiratory system                                       26     8.5 compou…
##  9 l antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents               19     6.2 compou…
## 10 m musculo-skeletal system                                  12     3.9 compou…
## 11 v various                                                   9     3   compou…
## 12 h systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones a…     8     2.6 compou…
## 13 p antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents       6     2   compou…
## 14 b blood and blood forming organs                            4     1.3 compou…

Now we will make a similar data file to look at the overall use in the database at each ATC level 1

n_data_atc <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_boolean == "Yes") %>% 
  nrow(.)

compound_ATC_L1_data_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_boolean == "Yes") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_1) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(compound_atc_level_1 = str_trim(compound_atc_level_1)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(compound_atc_level_1, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_1) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n),
                 percent =round(n/n_data_atc*100,1),
                 measure = "data") %>% # now a sum for each habitat
  arrange(desc(percent))
compound_ATC_L1_data_summary
## # A tibble: 14 × 4
##    compound_atc_level_1                                        n percent measure
##    <chr>                                                   <int>   <dbl> <chr>  
##  1 n nervous system                                         1120    72.9 data   
##  2 g genito urinary system and sex hormones                  201    13.1 data   
##  3 c cardiovascular system                                   158    10.3 data   
##  4 d dermatologicals                                         130     8.5 data   
##  5 s sensory organs                                          102     6.6 data   
##  6 a alimentary tract and metabolism                          93     6.1 data   
##  7 l antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents               89     5.8 data   
##  8 r respiratory system                                       76     4.9 data   
##  9 m musculo-skeletal system                                  58     3.8 data   
## 10 j antiinfectives for systemic use                          57     3.7 data   
## 11 v various                                                  32     2.1 data   
## 12 h systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones a…    15     1   data   
## 13 b blood and blood forming organs                           12     0.8 data   
## 14 p antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents       7     0.5 data
ATC_L1_summary <- compound_ATC_L1_summary %>% 
  rbind(., compound_ATC_L1_data_summary) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(value = if_else(measure == "compounds", n, percent))

This plot shows the number of different compounds in each ATC classification as well as the total proportion of data it makes up

measure_colour_theme <- c("black", "grey") # Making colour theme to apply to plot

# Making a list of act names in the order that we want them in the plot 
level_1_order <- ATC_L1_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(measure == "data") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(value) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(compound_atc_level_1)

# Making the plot
atc_level_1_fig <- ATC_L1_summary %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_atc_level_1 = factor(compound_atc_level_1, levels = level_1_order)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_atc_level_1, y=value, colour = measure, fill = measure, group = measure)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.2, colour = NA) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = value), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = measure_colour_theme, name = "Value type") +
   scale_fill_manual(values = measure_colour_theme, name = "Value type") +
  coord_flip() +
  scale_y_continuous(
    name = "Number of distinct compounds",
    sec.axis = sec_axis(~ . , name = "Total proportion of the database") # Adjust scaling if needed
  ) +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Number of distict species in the database"
  ) +
   theme()

atc_level_1_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("comp_atc_level_1_fig.pdf", plot = atc_level_1_fig, width = 10, height = 10)

14.2.2 ATC level 3

Let’s seem how many classes there are at the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) level 3

There are 131 distinct classes

n_compound_atc <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_boolean == "Yes") %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(compound_name) %>% 
  nrow(.)

compound_ATC_L3_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_name) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% # sampling one row per article per species (i.e. ignoring multiple rows per article for compounds)
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_boolean == "Yes") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_3) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(compound_atc_level_3 = str_trim(compound_atc_level_3)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(compound_atc_level_3, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_3) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n),
                 percent = round(n/n_compound_atc*100,1),
                 measure = "compounds") %>% # now a sum for each habitat
  arrange(desc(n))

compound_ATC_L3_summary
## # A tibble: 131 × 4
##    compound_atc_level_3                                        n percent measure
##    <chr>                                                   <int>   <dbl> <chr>  
##  1 n06a antidepressants                                       27     8.9 compou…
##  2 n03a antiepileptics                                        18     5.9 compou…
##  3 n05a antipsychotics                                        14     4.6 compou…
##  4 a01a stomatological preparations                           12     3.9 compou…
##  5 n05b anxiolytics                                           11     3.6 compou…
##  6 n05c hypnotics and sedatives                               11     3.6 compou…
##  7 n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootro…    11     3.6 compou…
##  8 r06a antihistamines for systemic use                       11     3.6 compou…
##  9 c07a beta blocking agents                                   9     3   compou…
## 10 d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics,…     9     3   compou…
## # ℹ 121 more rows

Now we will make a similar data file to look at the overall use in the database at each ATC level 3

n_data_atc <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_boolean == "Yes") %>% 
  nrow(.)

compound_ATC_L3_data_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_boolean == "Yes") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_3) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(compound_atc_level_3 = str_trim(compound_atc_level_3)) %>%
  tidyr::separate_rows(compound_atc_level_3, sep = ";") %>% # each spp has multiple habitats the string needs splitting
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_3) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n),
                 percent = round(n/n_data_atc*100,1),
                 measure = "data") %>% # now a sum for each habitat
  arrange(desc(percent))
compound_ATC_L3_data_summary
## # A tibble: 131 × 4
##    compound_atc_level_3                                        n percent measure
##    <chr>                                                   <int>   <dbl> <chr>  
##  1 n06a antidepressants                                      425    27.7 data   
##  2 n03a antiepileptics                                       164    10.7 data   
##  3 n05b anxiolytics                                          149     9.7 data   
##  4 g03c estrogens                                            121     7.9 data   
##  5 n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootro…    84     5.5 data   
##  6 l02a hormones and related agents                           64     4.2 data   
##  7 d11a other dermatological preparations                     62     4   data   
##  8 n05a antipsychotics                                        60     3.9 data   
##  9 m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-…    50     3.3 data   
## 10 n02a opioids                                               51     3.3 data   
## # ℹ 121 more rows

Here we make a new column called value where we combined the count of distinct compounds and proportion of data

ATC_L3_summary <- compound_ATC_L3_summary %>% 
  rbind(., compound_ATC_L3_data_summary) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(value = if_else(measure == "compounds", n, percent))

This plot shows the number of different compounds in each ATC classification as well as the total proportion of data it makes up. This is done for only the 15 most commonly used groups.

measure_colour_theme <- c("black", "grey") # Making colour theme to apply to plot

# Making a list of act names in the order that we want them in the plot 
level_3_order_top_15 <- ATC_L3_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(measure == "data") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(value)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:15) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(value)) %>%
  dplyr::pull(compound_atc_level_3)

# Making the plot
atc_level_3_fig <- ATC_L3_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_level_3 %in% level_3_order_top_15) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_atc_level_3 = factor(compound_atc_level_3, levels = level_3_order_top_15)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_atc_level_3, y=value, fill = measure, colour = measure, 
             group = measure)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 1), width = 0.2, colour = NA,) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 1), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = value), vjust=-0.6, size=3.5, position =  position_dodge(width = 1)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = measure_colour_theme, name = "Value type",
                      labels = c("Compounds (n)", "Percentage of data")) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = measure_colour_theme, name = "Value type",
                      labels = c("Compounds (n)", "Percentage of data")) +
  scale_y_continuous(
    name = "Distinct compounds",
    limits = c(0, 30),                   # Set the range of y-axis
    breaks = c(0, 10, 20, 30),           # Set the labels at 0, 10, 20, 30
    sec.axis = sec_axis(~ . , name = "Percentage of database") # Adjust scaling if needed
  ) +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = ""
  ) +
   theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 8),          # Change y-axis labels size
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5, hjust=1, size = 8), # Change x-axis labels orientation
    legend.title = element_text(size = 12),         # Change legend title size if needed
    legend.text = element_text(size = 10)  
   )

atc_level_3_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("atc_level_3_fig.pdf", plot = atc_level_3_fig, width = 10, height = 5)

14.3 Most common compounds

Overall the most common compounds are Fluoxetine, Diazepam and 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol

n_row <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  nrow(.)

compound_use <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_name) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(prop = n/n_row) %>%
  arrange(desc(prop))

compound_use
## # A tibble: 426 × 3
##    compound_name                 n   prop
##    <chr>                     <int>  <dbl>
##  1 Fluoxetine                  201 0.116 
##  2 Diazepam                     67 0.0385
##  3 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol    63 0.0362
##  4 Caffeine                     45 0.0259
##  5 Venlafaxine                  43 0.0247
##  6 Citalopram                   42 0.0241
##  7 Sertraline                   39 0.0224
##  8 Carbamazepine                38 0.0218
##  9 Buspirone                    30 0.0172
## 10 Morphine                     27 0.0155
## # ℹ 416 more rows

Let’s see what the numbers are for each motivation, but let’s also maintain the overall numbers so we can add it to the figure

n_row <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  nrow(.)

compound_use_motivation <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, compound_name) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n = n(), .groups = 'drop') %>%
  tidyr::complete(compound_name, study_motivation, fill = list(n = 0)) # Making sure we have a complete dataframe

compound_use_motivation <- compound_use %>% 
  dplyr::select(-prop) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "All") %>% 
  rbind(., compound_use_motivation)

compound_use_motivation
## # A tibble: 1,704 × 3
##    compound_name                 n study_motivation
##    <chr>                     <int> <chr>           
##  1 Fluoxetine                  201 All             
##  2 Diazepam                     67 All             
##  3 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol    63 All             
##  4 Caffeine                     45 All             
##  5 Venlafaxine                  43 All             
##  6 Citalopram                   42 All             
##  7 Sertraline                   39 All             
##  8 Carbamazepine                38 All             
##  9 Buspirone                    30 All             
## 10 Morphine                     27 All             
## # ℹ 1,694 more rows

The top 10 based on each study motivation as well as the overall total

top_10_comp_all_fig <- compound_use_motivation %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "All") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_name = fct_reorder(compound_name, n)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_name, y=n)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.1, colour = NA, fill = "grey") +
  geom_point(size = 3, colour = "grey", fill = "grey") +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
     title = "All",
    x = "",
    y = "Total use in the database"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 11)
   )


top_10_comp_env_fig <- compound_use_motivation %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Environmental") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_name = fct_reorder(compound_name, n)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_name, y=n)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.1, colour = NA, fill = "#60BD6C") +
  geom_point(size = 3, colour = "#60BD6C", fill = "#60BD6C") +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
     title = "Environmental",
    x = "",
    y = "Total use in the database"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 11)
   )


top_10_comp_med_fig <- compound_use_motivation %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Medical") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_name = fct_reorder(compound_name, n)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_name, y=n)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.1, colour = NA, fill = "#D359A1") +
  geom_point(size = 3, colour = "#D359A1", fill = "#D359A1") +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
     title = "Medical",
    x = "",
    y = "Total use in the database"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 11)
   )

top_10_comp_base_fig <- compound_use_motivation %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Basic research") %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_name = fct_reorder(compound_name, n)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_name, y=n)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.1, colour = NA, fill = "#3C82C4") +
  geom_point(size = 3, colour = "#3C82C4", fill = "#3C82C4") +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_classic() +
   labs(
     title = "Basic Research",
    x = "",
    y = "Total use in the database"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 11)
     )

Here are the resulting figures

top_10_comp_all_fig

top_10_comp_env_fig

top_10_comp_med_fig

top_10_comp_base_fig

Saving as PDFs

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("comp_top_10_comp_all_fig.pdf", plot = top_10_comp_all_fig, width = 5, height = 10)
ggsave("comp_top_10_comp_env_fig.pdf", plot = top_10_comp_env_fig, width = 5, height = 10)
ggsave("comp_top_10_comp_med_fig.pdf", plot = top_10_comp_med_fig, width = 5, height = 10)
ggsave("comp_top_10_comp_base_fig.pdf", plot = top_10_comp_base_fig, width = 5, height = 10)
compound_use_motivation %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "17-alpha-ethinylestradiol")
## # A tibble: 4 × 3
##   compound_name                 n study_motivation
##   <chr>                     <int> <chr>           
## 1 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol    63 All             
## 2 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol    61 Environmental   
## 3 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol     0 Medical         
## 4 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol     2 Basic research

14.4 Mixtures

It was recorded whether the animals were also exposed to compound mixtures

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(mixture_yes = sum(compond_mixture == "Yes", na.rm = TRUE),
                 mixture_no = sum(compond_mixture == "No", na.rm = TRUE),
                 mixture_percent = (mixture_yes/mixture_no)*100
                 )
## # A tibble: 1 × 3
##   mixture_yes mixture_no mixture_percent
##         <int>      <int>           <dbl>
## 1         165        736            22.4

Medical articles have a much higher use of mixtures

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(mixture_yes = sum(compond_mixture == "Yes", na.rm = TRUE),
                 mixture_no = sum(compond_mixture == "No", na.rm = TRUE),
                 mixture_percent = round((mixture_yes/mixture_no)*100,1)
                 )
## # A tibble: 3 × 4
##   study_motivation mixture_yes mixture_no mixture_percent
##   <fct>                  <int>      <int>           <dbl>
## 1 Environmental             57        453            12.6
## 2 Medical                   76        158            48.1
## 3 Basic research            32        125            25.6

14.6 Exposure route

Data on the method of exposure was also extracted

nrow <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  nrow(.)

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_expose_route) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n(),
                 percent = round((n/nrow)*100,1)
)
## # A tibble: 3 × 3
##   compound_expose_route               n percent
##   <chr>                           <int>   <dbl>
## 1 Other exposure route              223    12.8
## 2 Waterborne only                  1501    86.3
## 3 Waterborne plus any other route    16     0.9

14.7 Exposure length

The database has both the minimum and maximum duration of exposure prior to behavioural measure (compound_min_duration_exposure and compound_max_duration_exposure). Here we will focus on the maximum duration

These are the different categories of exposure length

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(compound_max_duration_exposure)
##    compound_max_duration_exposure
## 1               Less than 6 hours
## 2                   1 to 3 months
## 3                     3 to 8 days
## 4                   22 to 29 days
## 5               Multigenerational
## 6                   6 to 24 hours
## 7                     1 to 3 days
## 8                    8 to 15 days
## 9                      Not stated
## 10                  15 to 22 days
## 11              Transgenerational
## 12                  3 to 6 months
## 13                       Lifetime

Some articles did not report the exposure duration at all, or in sufficient detail to extract.

In total this occurred in 108 cases

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_duration_exposure == "Not stated" | compound_max_duration_exposure == "Not stated") %>% 
  nrow(.)
## [1] 108
exposure_duration_order <- c("Less than 6 hours", "6 to 24 hours", "1 to 3 days", "3 to 8 days", "8 to 15 days", "15 to 22 days", "22 to 29 days", "1 to 3 months", "3 to 6 months", "Lifetime", "Transgenerational", "Multigenerational")

nrow <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_max_duration_exposure != "Not stated") %>% 
  nrow(.)

exposure_duration_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_max_duration_exposure != "Not stated") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_max_duration_exposure) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n(),
                 percent = round((n/nrow)*100,1)
                 ) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_max_duration_exposure =  factor(compound_max_duration_exposure, 
                                                         levels = exposure_duration_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(compound_max_duration_exposure) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "All")

exposure_duration_summary
## # A tibble: 12 × 4
##    compound_max_duration_exposure     n percent study_motivation
##    <fct>                          <int>   <dbl> <chr>           
##  1 Less than 6 hours                679    41.3 All             
##  2 6 to 24 hours                    129     7.8 All             
##  3 1 to 3 days                      106     6.4 All             
##  4 3 to 8 days                      318    19.3 All             
##  5 8 to 15 days                     101     6.1 All             
##  6 15 to 22 days                    113     6.9 All             
##  7 22 to 29 days                     59     3.6 All             
##  8 1 to 3 months                     83     5   All             
##  9 3 to 6 months                     23     1.4 All             
## 10 Lifetime                           9     0.5 All             
## 11 Transgenerational                 15     0.9 All             
## 12 Multigenerational                  9     0.5 All
exposure_duration_order <- c("Less than 6 hours", "6 to 24 hours", "1 to 3 days", "3 to 8 days", "8 to 15 days", "15 to 22 days", "22 to 29 days", "1 to 3 months", "3 to 6 months", "Lifetime", "Transgenerational", "Multigenerational")


exposure_duration_motivation_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_max_duration_exposure != "Not stated") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_max_duration_exposure, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n = n(), .groups = 'drop') %>% 
  tidyr::complete(compound_max_duration_exposure, study_motivation, fill = list(n = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round((n/total_motivation)*100,1)) %>%
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

exp_duration_motivation_summary <- exposure_duration_motivation_summary %>% 
  rbind(exposure_duration_summary) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_max_duration_exposure =  factor(compound_max_duration_exposure, 
                                                         levels = rev(exposure_duration_order))
                ) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(compound_max_duration_exposure))

exp_duration_motivation_summary
## # A tibble: 48 × 4
##    compound_max_duration_exposure study_motivation     n percent
##    <fct>                          <fct>            <int>   <dbl>
##  1 Less than 6 hours              Environmental      124    15  
##  2 Less than 6 hours              Medical            285    61.2
##  3 Less than 6 hours              Basic research     270    76.7
##  4 Less than 6 hours              All                679    41.3
##  5 6 to 24 hours                  Environmental       62     7.5
##  6 6 to 24 hours                  Medical             53    11.4
##  7 6 to 24 hours                  Basic research      14     4  
##  8 6 to 24 hours                  All                129     7.8
##  9 1 to 3 days                    Environmental       74     9  
## 10 1 to 3 days                    Medical             22     4.7
## # ℹ 38 more rows
exp_duration_all_fig <- exp_duration_motivation_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "All") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_max_duration_exposure, y=percent)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.1, colour = NA, fill = "grey") +
  geom_point(size = 3, colour = "grey", fill = "grey") +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent), vjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
     title = "All",
    x = "",
    y = "Total percentage"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 11)
   )


exp_duration_env_fig <- exp_duration_motivation_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Environmental") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_max_duration_exposure, y=percent)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.1, colour = NA, fill = "#60BD6C") +
  geom_point(size = 3, colour = "#60BD6C", fill = "#60BD6C") +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent), vjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
     title = "Environmental",
    x = "",
    y = "Total percentage"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 11)
   )

exp_duration_med_fig <- exp_duration_motivation_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Medical") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_max_duration_exposure, y=percent)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.1, colour = NA, fill = "#D359A1") +
  geom_point(size = 3, colour = "#D359A1", fill = "#D359A1") +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent), vjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
     title = "Medical",
    x = "",
    y = "Total percentage"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 11)
   )


exp_duration_base_fig <- exp_duration_motivation_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Basic research") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=compound_max_duration_exposure, y=percent)) +
  geom_col(width = 0.1, colour = NA, fill = "#3C82C4") +
  geom_point(size = 3, colour = "#3C82C4", fill = "#3C82C4") +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent), vjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
     title = "Basic research",
    x = "",
    y = "Total percentage"
  ) +
   theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 11)
   )
exp_duration_all_fig

exp_duration_env_fig

exp_duration_med_fig

exp_duration_base_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("comp_exp_duration_all_fig.pdf", plot = exp_duration_all_fig, width = 8.3/3, height = 11.7/3)
ggsave("comp_exp_duration_env_fig.pdf", plot = exp_duration_env_fig, width = 8.3/3, height = 11.7/3)
ggsave("comp_exp_duration_med_fig.pdf", plot = exp_duration_med_fig, width = 8.3/3, height = 11.7/3)
ggsave("comp_exp_duration_base_fig.pdf", plot = exp_duration_base_fig, width = 8.3/3, height = 11.7/3)

14.8 Number of doses

Here I will look at the number of doses used. This was meassured as the total treatments (i.e. inculding control), so if we want to know the number of doses for the compound we need to subtract 1. I have done this below.

n_doses_summary <-  EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(compound_treatment_levels)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(n_doses = compound_treatment_levels-1) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(n_doses) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total = sum(n),
                percent = round((n/total)*100,1),
                study_motivation = "All")
n_doses_summary
## # A tibble: 14 × 5
##    n_doses     n total percent study_motivation
##      <dbl> <int> <int>   <dbl> <chr>           
##  1       1   450  1514    29.7 All             
##  2       2   203  1514    13.4 All             
##  3       3   377  1514    24.9 All             
##  4       4   172  1514    11.4 All             
##  5       5   163  1514    10.8 All             
##  6       6    46  1514     3   All             
##  7       7    50  1514     3.3 All             
##  8       8    14  1514     0.9 All             
##  9       9    11  1514     0.7 All             
## 10      10    10  1514     0.7 All             
## 11      11    10  1514     0.7 All             
## 12      12     5  1514     0.3 All             
## 13      13     2  1514     0.1 All             
## 14      17     1  1514     0.1 All

Let’s see how many use more then 5

n_doses_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(n_doses > 5) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(over_5_percent = sum(percent))
## # A tibble: 1 × 1
##   over_5_percent
##            <dbl>
## 1            9.8

Looking by study motivation

n_doses_motivation_summary <-  EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(compound_treatment_levels)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(n_doses = compound_treatment_levels-1) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(n_doses, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n = n(), .groups = 'drop') %>%
  tidyr::complete(n_doses, study_motivation, fill = list(n = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round((n/total)*100,1)) 
n_doses_motivation_summary
## # A tibble: 42 × 5
##    n_doses study_motivation     n total percent
##      <dbl> <fct>            <int> <int>   <dbl>
##  1       1 Environmental      175   824    21.2
##  2       1 Medical            173   397    43.6
##  3       1 Basic research     102   293    34.8
##  4       2 Environmental      142   824    17.2
##  5       2 Medical             31   397     7.8
##  6       2 Basic research      30   293    10.2
##  7       3 Environmental      184   824    22.3
##  8       3 Medical             88   397    22.2
##  9       3 Basic research     105   293    35.8
## 10       4 Environmental      112   824    13.6
## # ℹ 32 more rows

Making a plot

dose_order <- c(1:12, ">12")

doses_fig <- n_doses_motivation_summary %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(n_doses = as.character(if_else(n_doses>13, 13, n_doses)),
                n_doses = if_else(n_doses == "13", ">12", n_doses),
                n_doses = factor(n_doses, levels = dose_order)
                )%>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=n_doses, y=percent, colour = study_motivation, 
             fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_line(size = 1) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent), vjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black") +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  facet_wrap(~study_motivation) +
  theme(
    legend.position = c(0.8, 0.9), # Positioning the legend in the top-left corner within the plot
    legend.justification = c(0, 1) # Ensuring the legend box aligns properly at the top-left corner
    ) +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Number of studies"
  ) +
   theme()
## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
doses_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("comp_doses_fig.pdf", plot = doses_fig, width = 8.3, height = 11.7/3)

## 9.8 Concentrations

Here I will have a look at the min and max and range of doses used in the database. For the MS, I am including only studies that reported in a mass to water volume measure so we can compare standardised unites (ug/L). This was the most common reporting methods (62% of all data; 1090 total).

nrow <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  nrow()

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_min_dose_unit_std) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n(),
                 prop = n/nrow) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n))
## # A tibble: 7 × 3
##   compound_min_dose_unit_std     n    prop
##   <chr>                      <int>   <dbl>
## 1 ug/L                        1076 0.618  
## 2 uM                           397 0.228  
## 3 <NA>                         229 0.132  
## 4 uM/L                          25 0.0144 
## 5 ppm                            9 0.00517
## 6 uL/L                           2 0.00115
## 7 ug/g                           2 0.00115

Summary of the minimum concentration used (where reported in mass to volume)

EIPAAB_database <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(range = compound_max_dose_std - compound_min_dose_std)
EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_dose_unit_std == "ug/L", compound_max_dose_unit_std == "ug/L") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(range = compound_max_dose_std - compound_min_dose_std) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(median_min =  median(compound_min_dose_std, na.rm = T),
                 sd_min = sd(compound_min_dose_std, na.rm = T),
                 min_min =  min(compound_min_dose_std, na.rm = T),
                 max_min =  max(compound_min_dose_std, na.rm = T),
                 median_max =  median(compound_max_dose_std, na.rm = T),
                 sd_max = sd(compound_max_dose_std, na.rm = T),
                 min_max =  min(compound_max_dose_std, na.rm = T),
                 max_max =  max(compound_max_dose_std, na.rm = T),
                 median_range =  median(range, na.rm = T),
                 sd_range = sd(range, na.rm = T),
                 min_range =  min(range, na.rm = T),
                 max_range =  max(range, na.rm = T))
## # A tibble: 3 × 13
##   study_motivation median_min   sd_min min_min max_min median_max sd_max min_max
##   <fct>                 <dbl>    <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>      <dbl>  <dbl>   <dbl>
## 1 Environmental         0.995   25256. 3.13e-6  5   e5        100 1.41e5   0.001
## 2 Medical            1000       74501. 5   e-2  5.40e5       5000 2.07e5   0.05 
## 3 Basic research     3000     5301683. 1   e-2  6   e7      10000 5.30e6   0.01 
## # ℹ 5 more variables: max_max <dbl>, median_range <dbl>, sd_range <dbl>,
## #   min_range <dbl>, max_range <dbl>

A plot for minimum doses, its on the log axis because the distribution is highly skewed motivation_colour_theme

motivation_colour_theme <- c("#60BD6C", "#D359A1", "#3C82C4")

min_conc_fig <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_dose_unit_std == "ug/L") %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=log(compound_min_dose_std), fill = study_motivation, colour = study_motivation)) +
  stat_slab(alpha = 0.6, linewidth = 1.5, colour = NA) +
  stat_pointinterval(point_interval = "median_qi",
                     position = position_dodge(width = .4, preserve = "single"),
                     .width = c(0.89, 0.95)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation", guide = 'none') +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  labs(
    x = "Log10 minimum dose (ug/L)",
    y = "Density"
  ) +
  theme(legend.position="bottom")

min_conc_fig
## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`stat_slabinterval()`).
## Removed 8 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`stat_slabinterval()`).

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("comp_min_conc_fig.pdf", plot = min_conc_fig, width = 5, height = 6)

A summary table so we can see what the corresponding raw values are in the plot

min_conc_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_dose_unit_std == "ug/L") %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(
    median = median(log(compound_min_dose_std), na.rm = TRUE),
    lower_89 = quantile(log(compound_min_dose_std), probs = 0.11, na.rm = TRUE),
    upper_89 = quantile(log(compound_min_dose_std), probs = 0.89, na.rm = TRUE),
    lower_95 = quantile(log(compound_min_dose_std), probs = 0.05, na.rm = TRUE),
    upper_95 = quantile(log(compound_min_dose_std), probs = 0.95, na.rm = TRUE),
    .groups = "drop"
  ) %>%
  # Transform to a format suitable for ggplot annotation
  pivot_longer(cols = -study_motivation, names_to = "stat", values_to = "value") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(vaule_raw = format(exp(value), scientific = FALSE))
min_conc_summary
## # A tibble: 15 × 4
##    study_motivation stat        value vaule_raw         
##    <fct>            <chr>       <dbl> <chr>             
##  1 Environmental    median   -0.00503 "     0.994987437"
##  2 Environmental    lower_89 -5.41    "     0.004456651"
##  3 Environmental    upper_89  5.54    "   254.538265740"
##  4 Environmental    lower_95 -6.91    "     0.001000000"
##  5 Environmental    upper_95  8.35    "  4240.690713691"
##  6 Medical          median    6.91    "  1000.000000000"
##  7 Medical          lower_89  3.10    "    22.211490447"
##  8 Medical          upper_89 10.3     " 30000.000000000"
##  9 Medical          lower_95  0       "     1.000000000"
## 10 Medical          upper_95 11.5     "100000.000000000"
## 11 Basic research   median    8.01    "  3000.000000000"
## 12 Basic research   lower_89 -0.920   "     0.398400829"
## 13 Basic research   upper_89 10.8     " 50802.311370061"
## 14 Basic research   lower_95 -2.30    "     0.100000000"
## 15 Basic research   upper_95 11.5     "100000.000000000"

A plot for maximum doses, its on the log axis because the distribution is highly skewed motivation_colour_theme

motivation_colour_theme <- c("#60BD6C", "#D359A1", "#3C82C4")

max_conc_fig <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_dose_unit_std == "ug/L") %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=log(compound_max_dose_std), fill = study_motivation, colour = study_motivation)) +
  stat_slab(alpha = 0.6, linewidth = 1.5, colour = NA) +
  stat_pointinterval(point_interval = "median_qi",
                     position = position_dodge(width = .4, preserve = "single"),
                     .width = c(0.89, 0.95)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation", guide = 'none') +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  labs(
    x = "Log10 maximum dose (ug/L)",
    y = "Density"
  ) +
  theme(legend.position="bottom")

max_conc_fig
## Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`stat_slabinterval()`).
## Removed 7 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`stat_slabinterval()`).

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("comp_max_conc_fig.pdf", plot = max_conc_fig, width = 5, height = 6)

A summary table so we can see what the corresponding raw values are in the plot

max_conc_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_dose_unit_std == "ug/L") %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(
    median = median(log(compound_max_dose_std), na.rm = TRUE),
    lower_89 = quantile(log(compound_max_dose_std), probs = 0.11, na.rm = TRUE),
    upper_89 = quantile(log(compound_max_dose_std), probs = 0.89, na.rm = TRUE),
    lower_95 = quantile(log(compound_max_dose_std), probs = 0.05, na.rm = TRUE),
    upper_95 = quantile(log(compound_max_dose_std), probs = 0.95, na.rm = TRUE),
    .groups = "drop"
  ) %>%
  # Transform to a format suitable for ggplot annotation
  pivot_longer(cols = -study_motivation, names_to = "stat", values_to = "value") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(vaule_raw = format(exp(value), scientific = FALSE))
max_conc_summary
## # A tibble: 15 × 4
##    study_motivation stat      value vaule_raw         
##    <fct>            <chr>     <dbl> <chr>             
##  1 Environmental    median    4.61  "   100.000000000"
##  2 Environmental    lower_89 -3.00  "     0.049652545"
##  3 Environmental    upper_89 10.1   " 23247.868374564"
##  4 Environmental    lower_95 -4.62  "     0.009873911"
##  5 Environmental    upper_95 11.5   "100000.000000000"
##  6 Medical          median    8.52  "  5000.000000000"
##  7 Medical          lower_89  4.42  "    82.775528294"
##  8 Medical          upper_89 11.5   "100000.000000000"
##  9 Medical          lower_95  2.98  "    19.686403036"
## 10 Medical          upper_95 12.9   "408740.139635277"
## 11 Basic research   median    9.21  " 10000.000000000"
## 12 Basic research   lower_89  0.895 "     2.446887175"
## 13 Basic research   upper_89 11.5   "100000.000000000"
## 14 Basic research   lower_95 -2.30  "     0.100000000"
## 15 Basic research   upper_95 12.6   "300000.000000000"

A plot for the range of doses, its on the log axis because the distribution is highly skewed. This includes only studies that had more then one dose and reported concentration in a mass to volume metric.

motivation_colour_theme <- c("#60BD6C", "#D359A1", "#3C82C4")

range_conc_fig <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_dose_unit_std == "ug/L") %>% 
  dplyr::filter(range > 0) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=log(range), fill = study_motivation, colour = study_motivation)) +
  stat_slab(alpha = 0.6, linewidth = 1.5, colour = NA) +
  stat_pointinterval(point_interval = "median_qi",
                     position = position_dodge(width = .4, preserve = "single"),
                     .width = c(0.89, 0.95)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation", guide = 'none') +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  labs(
    x = "Log10 range (ug/L)",
    y = "Density"
  ) +
  theme(legend.position="bottom")

range_conc_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("comp_range_conc_fig.pdf", plot = range_conc_fig, width = 5, height = 6)

A summary table so we can see what the corresponding raw values are in the plot

range_conc_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_dose_unit_std == "ug/L",
                range > 0) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  summarise(
    median = median(log(range), na.rm = TRUE),
    lower_89 = quantile(log(range), probs = 0.055, na.rm = TRUE),
    upper_89 = quantile(log(range), probs = 0.945, na.rm = TRUE),
    lower_95 = quantile(log(range), probs = 0.025, na.rm = TRUE),
    upper_95 = quantile(log(range), probs = 0.975, na.rm = TRUE)
  ) %>%
  # Transform to a format suitable for ggplot annotation
  pivot_longer(cols = -study_motivation, names_to = "stat", values_to = "value") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(vaule_raw = format(exp(value), scientific = FALSE))
range_conc_summary
## # A tibble: 15 × 4
##    study_motivation stat       value vaule_raw        
##    <fct>            <chr>      <dbl> <chr>            
##  1 Environmental    median    5.38   "   217.80000000"
##  2 Environmental    lower_89 -3.00   "     0.05000498"
##  3 Environmental    upper_89 11.5    " 99995.93990911"
##  4 Environmental    lower_95 -4.07   "     0.01704190"
##  5 Environmental    upper_95 13.1    "491792.33880353"
##  6 Medical          median    9.10   "  9000.00000000"
##  7 Medical          lower_89  4.33   "    75.72276785"
##  8 Medical          upper_89 13.2    "539495.65697997"
##  9 Medical          lower_95  3.42   "    30.45013206"
## 10 Medical          upper_95 13.6    "846549.05789480"
## 11 Basic research   median    9.85   " 19000.00000000"
## 12 Basic research   lower_89  0.0872 "     1.09108007"
## 13 Basic research   upper_89 12.5    "270000.00000000"
## 14 Basic research   lower_95 -0.0102 "     0.98987944"
## 15 Basic research   upper_95 12.6    "299042.91267704"
env_min_conc_fig <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation == "Environmental") %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_dose_unit_std == "ug/L") %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=log(compound_min_dose_std))) +
  stat_slab(aes(alpha = 0.8, linewidth = 1.5)) +
  stat_pointinterval(point_interval = "median_qi",
                     position = position_dodge(width = .4, preserve = "single"),
                     .width = c(0.89, 0.95)) +
  theme_classic() +
  theme(legend.position="none")

env_min_conc_fig
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`stat_slabinterval()`).
## Removed 5 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`stat_slabinterval()`).

A summary table so we can see what the corresponding raw values are in the plot

env_conc_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  filter(study_motivation == "Environmental", 
         compound_min_dose_unit_std == "ug/L") %>%
  summarise(
    median = median(log(compound_min_dose_std), na.rm = TRUE),
    lower_89 = quantile(log(compound_min_dose_std), probs = 0.055, na.rm = TRUE),
    upper_89 = quantile(log(compound_min_dose_std), probs = 0.945, na.rm = TRUE),
    lower_95 = quantile(log(compound_min_dose_std), probs = 0.025, na.rm = TRUE),
    upper_95 = quantile(log(compound_min_dose_std), probs = 0.975, na.rm = TRUE)
  ) %>%
  # Transform to a format suitable for ggplot annotation
  pivot_longer(cols = everything(), names_to = "stat", values_to = "value") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(vaule_raw = format(exp(value), scientific = FALSE))
env_conc_summary
## # A tibble: 5 × 3
##   stat        value vaule_raw         
##   <chr>       <dbl> <chr>             
## 1 median   -0.00503 "    0.9949874371"
## 2 lower_89 -6.91    "    0.0010000000"
## 3 upper_89  7.79    " 2425.8399279662"
## 4 lower_95 -7.49    "    0.0005588055"
## 5 upper_95  9.67    "15901.5600424659"

14.9 Exposure location

Where the exposure itself was conducted

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_exposure_location) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total = sum(n),
                perecent = round(n/total*100,1))
## # A tibble: 3 × 4
##   compound_exposure_location                                    n total perecent
##   <chr>                                                     <int> <int>    <dbl>
## 1 Indoor laboratory setting or assumed indoors               1730  1740     99.4
## 2 Outdoor natural setting                                       4  1740      0.2
## 3 Outdoor restricted setting (cannot interact with wild sp…     6  1740      0.3

15 Behaviour

15.1 Counts of catagoires

First I will make a new variable called beahv_catgory_n, which will look at how many of our 10 broad behavioural categories were measured in the article.

The 10 over-arching categories were: (1) movement and locomotion, (2) pre-mating and mating behaviour, (3) post-mating behaviour, (4) aggression, (5) sociality, (6) cognition and learning, (7) anxiety and boldness, (8) foraging and feeding, (9) antipredator behaviour, and (10) other behaviours not categorised

This will take the some of all the behaviour categories., so can range from 1 to 10 for a single behavioural category to all categories.

EIPAAB_database <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::mutate(behav_category_n = rowSums(across(starts_with("behav_") & ends_with("_boolean"))))

The majority of evidence seems to be based on a single behavioural category

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_category_n) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1))
## # A tibble: 6 × 3
##   behav_category_n     n percent
##              <dbl> <int>   <dbl>
## 1                1  1206    69.3
## 2                2   400    23  
## 3                3   115     6.6
## 4                4    16     0.9
## 5                5     2     0.1
## 6                7     1     0.1

Is this the same by study motivation

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_category_n, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1))
## # A tibble: 14 × 5
##    behav_category_n study_motivation     n total_motivation percent
##               <dbl> <fct>            <int>            <int>   <dbl>
##  1                1 Environmental      593              858    69.1
##  2                1 Medical            379              519    73  
##  3                1 Basic research     234              363    64.5
##  4                2 Environmental      180              858    21  
##  5                2 Medical            110              519    21.2
##  6                2 Basic research     110              363    30.3
##  7                3 Environmental       75              858     8.7
##  8                3 Medical             25              519     4.8
##  9                3 Basic research      15              363     4.1
## 10                4 Environmental        8              858     0.9
## 11                4 Medical              4              519     0.8
## 12                4 Basic research       4              363     1.1
## 13                5 Environmental        2              858     0.2
## 14                7 Medical              1              519     0.2

Here I make a dataframe where I have pivoted the data to long formate based on each of the 10 behaviour categories. This dataframe can be used to ask more spefic questiosn about the relationship between species, compound, and behaviour.

But first let’s use it to see what behaviours are most common overall all, and within each study motivation.

binary_behav <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::select((starts_with("behav_") & ends_with("_boolean"))) %>% 
  colnames()

PICO_long <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  tidyr::pivot_longer(., 
                      cols = all_of(binary_behav),
                      names_to = "behav_category", 
                      values_to = "value") %>% 
  dplyr::select(article_id, study_motivation, species_name, species_class, 
                compound_name, compound_atc_level_3, behav_category, value) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(behav_category = behav_category %>% str_remove("behav_") %>% str_remove("_boolean"))
PICO_long
## # A tibble: 17,400 × 8
##    article_id study_motivation species_name species_class  compound_name
##    <chr>      <fct>            <chr>        <chr>          <chr>        
##  1 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
##  2 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
##  3 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
##  4 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
##  5 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
##  6 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
##  7 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
##  8 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
##  9 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
## 10 236660465  Environmental    Danio rerio  Actinopterygii Buspirone    
## # ℹ 17,390 more rows
## # ℹ 3 more variables: compound_atc_level_3 <chr>, behav_category <chr>,
## #   value <int>
behav_overall <- PICO_long %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_category) %>% 
  reframe(n = sum(value)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/sum(n)*100, 1)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n))
behav_overall
## # A tibble: 10 × 3
##    behav_category     n percent
##    <chr>          <int>   <dbl>
##  1 movement         983    40.4
##  2 boldness         568    23.4
##  3 foraging         190     7.8
##  4 agression        145     6  
##  5 sociality        143     5.9
##  6 mating           122     5  
##  7 noncat            96     3.9
##  8 cognition         90     3.7
##  9 antipredator      85     3.5
## 10 post_mating       10     0.4
behav_motivation <- PICO_long %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_category, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n = sum(value), .groups = 'drop') %>%
  tidyr::complete(behav_category, study_motivation, fill = list(n = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(study_motivation))

behav_overall <- behav_motivation %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1),
                study_motivation = "Overall")

behav_motivation <- rbind(behav_overall, behav_motivation)
behav_motivation
## # A tibble: 40 × 4
##    behav_category     n percent study_motivation
##    <chr>          <int>   <dbl> <chr>           
##  1 agression        145     6   Overall         
##  2 antipredator      85     3.5 Overall         
##  3 boldness         568    23.4 Overall         
##  4 cognition         90     3.7 Overall         
##  5 foraging         190     7.8 Overall         
##  6 mating           122     5   Overall         
##  7 movement         983    40.4 Overall         
##  8 noncat            96     3.9 Overall         
##  9 post_mating       10     0.4 Overall         
## 10 sociality        143     5.9 Overall         
## # ℹ 30 more rows
motivation_colour_theme <- c("grey", "#60BD6C", "#D359A1", "#3C82C4")
behav_order <- c("movement", "boldness", "foraging", "antipredator", "mating", "post_mating", "agression", "sociality", "cognition", "noncat")
study_motivation_order <- c("Overall", "Environmental", "Medical", "Basic research")


behav_motivation_fig <- behav_motivation %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(behav_category = factor(behav_category, levels = rev(behav_order)),
                study_motivation = factor(study_motivation, levels = study_motivation_order)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=behav_category, y=percent, colour = study_motivation, 
             fill = study_motivation), group = study_motivation) +
  geom_col(width = 0.1, colour = NA) +
  geom_point(size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent), vjust = -0.3, size=3.5, color="black") +
  theme_classic() +
  facet_grid(cols = vars(study_motivation)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage"
  ) +
  theme(
     plot.title = element_text(size = 11)
   )

behav_motivation_fig

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("behav_motivation_fig.pdf", plot = behav_motivation_fig, width = 10, height = 5)

15.2 Behaviour sub-categories

behav_select <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::select((starts_with("behav_") & !ends_with("_boolean") & !ends_with("is_social_context") & !ends_with("test_location") & !ends_with("category_n"))) %>% 
  colnames()


behav_sub_cat_long <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  tidyr::pivot_longer(., 
                      cols = all_of(behav_select),
                      names_to = "parent_category", 
                      values_to = "sub_category") %>% 
  dplyr::select(article_id, study_motivation, species_name, species_class, 
                compound_name, compound_atc_level_3, parent_category, sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(parent_category = parent_category %>% str_remove("behav_")) %>% 
  tidyr::separate_rows(sub_category, sep = ";") %>% 
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(sub_category))
behav_sub_cat_summary <- behav_sub_cat_long %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, parent_category, sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::summarise(n_sub_cat = n(), .groups = 'drop') %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, parent_category) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(n_parent = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>%
  dplyr::mutate(n_motivation = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = n_sub_cat/n_parent,
                percent_parent = n_parent/n_motivation)
behav_sub_cat_summary
## # A tibble: 155 × 8
##    study_motivation parent_category sub_category n_sub_cat n_parent n_motivation
##    <fct>            <chr>           <chr>            <int>    <int>        <int>
##  1 Environmental    agression       aggression …        27       70         1511
##  2 Environmental    agression       aggression …        10       70         1511
##  3 Environmental    agression       aggression …        20       70         1511
##  4 Environmental    agression       aggression …         7       70         1511
##  5 Environmental    agression       locomotor a…         6       70         1511
##  6 Environmental    antipredator    locomotor a…        22      100         1511
##  7 Environmental    antipredator    response to…        10      100         1511
##  8 Environmental    antipredator    response to…         6      100         1511
##  9 Environmental    antipredator    response to…        20      100         1511
## 10 Environmental    antipredator    response to…        42      100         1511
## # ℹ 145 more rows
## # ℹ 2 more variables: percent_sub_cat <dbl>, percent_parent <dbl>
ring_plot_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, parent_category) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(ymax = cumsum(percent_sub_cat),
                ymin = lag(ymax,1),
                ymin = if_else(is.na(ymin), 0, ymin),
                labelPosition = (ymax+ymin)/2,
                label = paste0(sub_category, "\n (n = ", n_sub_cat, ")")) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup()

15.2.1 Movement plots

First making a complete dataset (adding zeros for missing sub-categories. in each motivation), and ordering by overall prevalence of sub-categories.

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "movement") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

movement_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "movement") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_movement_subcat_fig <- movement_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_movement_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- movement_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_movement_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_movement_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

If you would like to make a doughnut chart here’s the code. However, for categories that have 5 or more sub-categories like movement I don’t think this is the clearest way to present the data.

movement_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(sub_category) %>%
  dplyr::arrange(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(ymax = cumsum(percent_sub_cat),
                ymin = lag(ymax,1),
                ymin = if_else(is.na(ymin), 0, ymin),
                labelPosition = (ymax+ymin)/2,
                label = if_else(n_sub_cat == 0, NA, n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>%
  ggplot(aes(ymax=ymax, ymin=ymin, xmax=4, xmin=3, fill=sub_category)) +
  geom_rect() +
  coord_polar(theta="y") + 
  geom_label(x=4, aes(y=labelPosition, label=label), size=3, alpha = 0.8) +
  facet_wrap(~study_motivation) +
  xlim(c(2, 5)) +
  theme_void()  +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom")
## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_label()`).

15.2.2 Boldness plots

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "boldness") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

boldness_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "boldness") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_boldness_subcat_fig <- boldness_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_boldness_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- boldness_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_boldness_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_boldness_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

15.2.3 Foraging plots

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "foraging") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

foraging_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "foraging") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_foraging_subcat_fig <- foraging_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_foraging_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- foraging_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_foraging_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_foraging_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

15.2.4 Antipredator plots

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "antipredator") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

antipredator_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "antipredator") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_antipredator_subcat_fig <- antipredator_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_antipredator_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- antipredator_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_antipredator_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_antipredator_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

15.2.5 Mating plots

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "mating") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

mating_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "mating") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_mating_subcat_fig <- mating_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_mating_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- mating_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_mating_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_mating_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

15.2.6 Post mating plots

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "post_mating") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

post_mating_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "post_mating") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_post_mating_subcat_fig <- post_mating_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_post_mating_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- post_mating_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_post_mating_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_post_mating_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

15.2.7 Agression plots

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "agression") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

agression_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "agression") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_agression_subcat_fig <- agression_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_agression_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- agression_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_agression_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_agression_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

15.2.8 Sociality plots

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "sociality") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

sociality_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "sociality") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_sociality_subcat_fig <- sociality_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_sociality_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- sociality_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_sociality_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_sociality_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

15.2.9 Cognition plots

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "cognition") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

cognition_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "cognition") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_cognition_subcat_fig <- cognition_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_cognition_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- cognition_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_cognition_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_cognition_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

15.2.10 Non-categories plots

sub_category_order <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "noncat") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(sub_category) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n_sub_cat)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(sub_category)

noncat_subcat <- behav_sub_cat_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(parent_category == "noncat") %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, sub_category, percent_sub_cat, n_sub_cat, percent_parent) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(sub_category, study_motivation, fill = list(percent_sub_cat = 0, n_sub_cat = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(sub_category = factor(sub_category, levels = sub_category_order))
beh_noncat_subcat_fig <- noncat_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_sub_cat = round(percent_sub_cat,3)*100) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=sub_category, y=percent_sub_cat, colour = study_motivation, fill = study_motivation, group = study_motivation)) +
  geom_col(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), width = 0.1) +
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.8), size = 3) +
  geom_text(aes(label = percent_sub_cat), hjust=-0.6, size=3.5, color="black", position =  position_dodge(width = 0.8)) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  scale_fill_manual(values = motivation_colour_theme, name = "Study motivation") +
  theme_classic() +
  coord_flip() +
   labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Percentage of data"
  ) +
   theme(
     legend.position = "none"
   )

beh_noncat_subcat_fig

n_subcat <- noncat_subcat %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(sub_category) %>% 
  nrow(.)/10

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("beh_noncat_subcat_fig.pdf", plot = beh_noncat_subcat_fig, width = 10, height = 11.7*n_subcat)

15.3 Behaviour location

Check where behaviour was meassured.

behav_location_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, behav_test_location) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  tidyr::separate_rows(behav_test_location, sep = ";") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, behav_test_location) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(behav_test_location, study_motivation, fill = list(n = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

behav_location_overall <- behav_location_summary %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_test_location) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1),
                study_motivation = "Overall")

behav_location_summary <-  rbind(behav_location_overall, behav_location_summary) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(study_motivation)

behav_location_summary
## # A tibble: 12 × 4
##    behav_test_location                                n percent study_motivation
##    <chr>                                          <int>   <dbl> <chr>           
##  1 indoor laboratory setting or assumed indoors     363    99.7 Basic research  
##  2 outdoor natural setting                            1     0.3 Basic research  
##  3 outdoor restricted setting (cannot interact w…     0     0   Basic research  
##  4 indoor laboratory setting or assumed indoors     852    98.7 Environmental   
##  5 outdoor natural setting                            8     0.9 Environmental   
##  6 outdoor restricted setting (cannot interact w…     3     0.3 Environmental   
##  7 indoor laboratory setting or assumed indoors     519    99.6 Medical         
##  8 outdoor natural setting                            1     0.2 Medical         
##  9 outdoor restricted setting (cannot interact w…     1     0.2 Medical         
## 10 indoor laboratory setting or assumed indoors    1734    99.2 Overall         
## 11 outdoor natural setting                           10     0.6 Overall         
## 12 outdoor restricted setting (cannot interact w…     4     0.2 Overall

15.4 Social context

Check how often behaviour was measured in a social context

behav_social_context_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, behav_is_social_context) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

behav_social_context_overall <- behav_social_context_summary %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_is_social_context) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1),
                study_motivation = "Overall")

behav_social_context_summary <-  rbind(behav_social_context_overall, behav_social_context_summary) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(study_motivation)

behav_social_context_summary
## # A tibble: 8 × 4
##   behav_is_social_context     n percent study_motivation
##   <chr>                   <int>   <dbl> <chr>           
## 1 no                        287    79.1 Basic research  
## 2 yes                        76    20.9 Basic research  
## 3 no                        634    73.9 Environmental   
## 4 yes                       224    26.1 Environmental   
## 5 no                        444    85.5 Medical         
## 6 yes                        75    14.5 Medical         
## 7 no                       1365    78.4 Overall         
## 8 yes                       375    21.6 Overall

15.5 Check how behaviour was meassured

Check how often behaviour was meassured in a social context

behav_behav_scoring_summary <- EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, validity_behav_scoring_method) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  tidyr::separate_rows(validity_behav_scoring_method, sep = ";") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, validity_behav_scoring_method) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(validity_behav_scoring_method, study_motivation, fill = list(n = 0)) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

behav_behav_scoring_overall <- behav_behav_scoring_summary %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_behav_scoring_method) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1),
                study_motivation = "Overall")

behav_behav_scoring_summary <-  rbind(behav_behav_scoring_overall, behav_behav_scoring_summary) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(study_motivation)

behav_behav_scoring_summary
## # A tibble: 32 × 4
##    validity_behav_scoring_method                    n percent study_motivation
##    <chr>                                        <int>   <dbl> <chr>           
##  1 acoustic analysis software                       0     0   Basic research  
##  2 live scoring in real time                       17    10   Basic research  
##  3 manual or human scoring from videos or image    43    25.3 Basic research  
##  4 not specified                                   35    20.6 Basic research  
##  5 other                                            0     0   Basic research  
##  6 quantifying food consumption                     2     1.2 Basic research  
##  7 sensory for physical movement                    2     1.2 Basic research  
##  8 supervised automated tracking approaches        71    41.8 Basic research  
##  9 acoustic analysis software                       1     0.2 Environmental   
## 10 live scoring in real time                       52     9.6 Environmental   
## # ℹ 22 more rows
behav_behav_scoring_summary %>% 
  dplyr::filter(study_motivation  == "Overall")
## # A tibble: 8 × 4
##   validity_behav_scoring_method                    n percent study_motivation
##   <chr>                                        <int>   <dbl> <chr>           
## 1 acoustic analysis software                       1     0.1 Overall         
## 2 live scoring in real time                       84     8.6 Overall         
## 3 manual or human scoring from videos or image   259    26.6 Overall         
## 4 not specified                                  221    22.7 Overall         
## 5 other                                            1     0.1 Overall         
## 6 quantifying food consumption                    21     2.2 Overall         
## 7 sensory for physical movement                    7     0.7 Overall         
## 8 supervised automated tracking approaches       378    38.9 Overall

16 Linking PICO

Making a dataframe for a flow diagram (sankey plot)

PICO_df <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::mutate(behav_cat = case_when(
    behav_movement_boolean == 1 ~ "Movement",
    behav_boldness_boolean == 1 ~ "Boldness",
    behav_foraging_boolean == 1 ~ "Foraging",
    behav_antipredator_boolean == 1 ~ "Antipredator",
    behav_mating_boolean == 1 ~ "Mating",
    behav_post_mating_boolean == 1 ~ "Post mating",
    behav_agression_boolean == 1 ~ "Agression",
    behav_sociality_boolean == 1 ~ "Sociality",
    behav_cognition_boolean == 1 ~ "Cognition",
    behav_noncat_boolean == 1 ~ "Not categorised",
  )) %>% 
  dplyr::select(study_motivation, compound_name, compound_atc_level_3, species_name, species_class, behav_cat) 
PICO_df
##      study_motivation
## 1       Environmental
## 2       Environmental
## 3             Medical
## 4             Medical
## 5             Medical
## 6             Medical
## 7             Medical
## 8      Basic research
## 9             Medical
## 10      Environmental
## 11      Environmental
## 12      Environmental
## 13      Environmental
## 14            Medical
## 15      Environmental
## 16            Medical
## 17      Environmental
## 18     Basic research
## 19            Medical
## 20      Environmental
## 21      Environmental
## 22     Basic research
## 23            Medical
## 24            Medical
## 25            Medical
## 26      Environmental
## 27      Environmental
## 28      Environmental
## 29            Medical
## 30            Medical
## 31            Medical
## 32            Medical
## 33            Medical
## 34            Medical
## 35            Medical
## 36            Medical
## 37            Medical
## 38            Medical
## 39            Medical
## 40            Medical
## 41            Medical
## 42            Medical
## 43      Environmental
## 44      Environmental
## 45            Medical
## 46            Medical
## 47            Medical
## 48            Medical
## 49            Medical
## 50            Medical
## 51            Medical
## 52            Medical
## 53            Medical
## 54      Environmental
## 55      Environmental
## 56      Environmental
## 57      Environmental
## 58      Environmental
## 59     Basic research
## 60      Environmental
## 61      Environmental
## 62      Environmental
## 63      Environmental
## 64      Environmental
## 65      Environmental
## 66            Medical
## 67            Medical
## 68      Environmental
## 69      Environmental
## 70      Environmental
## 71            Medical
## 72            Medical
## 73      Environmental
## 74      Environmental
## 75      Environmental
## 76      Environmental
## 77      Environmental
## 78      Environmental
## 79      Environmental
## 80      Environmental
## 81      Environmental
## 82            Medical
## 83      Environmental
## 84      Environmental
## 85            Medical
## 86      Environmental
## 87      Environmental
## 88      Environmental
## 89      Environmental
## 90            Medical
## 91      Environmental
## 92            Medical
## 93     Basic research
## 94      Environmental
## 95     Basic research
## 96      Environmental
## 97     Basic research
## 98            Medical
## 99            Medical
## 100           Medical
## 101           Medical
## 102           Medical
## 103           Medical
## 104     Environmental
## 105           Medical
## 106    Basic research
## 107    Basic research
## 108    Basic research
## 109    Basic research
## 110    Basic research
## 111    Basic research
## 112    Basic research
## 113     Environmental
## 114    Basic research
## 115    Basic research
## 116    Basic research
## 117    Basic research
## 118    Basic research
## 119           Medical
## 120           Medical
## 121     Environmental
## 122     Environmental
## 123     Environmental
## 124     Environmental
## 125           Medical
## 126           Medical
## 127           Medical
## 128    Basic research
## 129    Basic research
## 130           Medical
## 131           Medical
## 132     Environmental
## 133     Environmental
## 134     Environmental
## 135     Environmental
## 136           Medical
## 137           Medical
## 138     Environmental
## 139     Environmental
## 140     Environmental
## 141     Environmental
## 142     Environmental
## 143     Environmental
## 144           Medical
## 145           Medical
## 146           Medical
## 147           Medical
## 148           Medical
## 149    Basic research
## 150    Basic research
## 151    Basic research
## 152    Basic research
## 153           Medical
## 154           Medical
## 155           Medical
## 156           Medical
## 157           Medical
## 158           Medical
## 159           Medical
## 160     Environmental
## 161    Basic research
## 162           Medical
## 163     Environmental
## 164           Medical
## 165           Medical
## 166     Environmental
## 167     Environmental
## 168     Environmental
## 169     Environmental
## 170           Medical
## 171           Medical
## 172     Environmental
## 173     Environmental
## 174     Environmental
## 175     Environmental
## 176     Environmental
## 177     Environmental
## 178           Medical
## 179           Medical
## 180           Medical
## 181           Medical
## 182           Medical
## 183           Medical
## 184     Environmental
## 185           Medical
## 186           Medical
## 187           Medical
## 188    Basic research
## 189     Environmental
## 190           Medical
## 191           Medical
## 192           Medical
## 193           Medical
## 194           Medical
## 195           Medical
## 196           Medical
## 197           Medical
## 198     Environmental
## 199     Environmental
## 200     Environmental
## 201     Environmental
## 202     Environmental
## 203     Environmental
## 204     Environmental
## 205     Environmental
## 206     Environmental
## 207     Environmental
## 208     Environmental
## 209     Environmental
## 210     Environmental
## 211     Environmental
## 212     Environmental
## 213     Environmental
## 214     Environmental
## 215     Environmental
## 216     Environmental
## 217     Environmental
## 218     Environmental
## 219     Environmental
## 220     Environmental
## 221     Environmental
## 222     Environmental
## 223     Environmental
## 224           Medical
## 225           Medical
## 226           Medical
## 227           Medical
## 228           Medical
## 229           Medical
## 230           Medical
## 231     Environmental
## 232     Environmental
## 233     Environmental
## 234     Environmental
## 235     Environmental
## 236     Environmental
## 237           Medical
## 238           Medical
## 239           Medical
## 240     Environmental
## 241     Environmental
## 242     Environmental
## 243     Environmental
## 244     Environmental
## 245     Environmental
## 246     Environmental
## 247     Environmental
## 248           Medical
## 249           Medical
## 250     Environmental
## 251    Basic research
## 252    Basic research
## 253     Environmental
## 254     Environmental
## 255     Environmental
## 256     Environmental
## 257     Environmental
## 258     Environmental
## 259     Environmental
## 260     Environmental
## 261     Environmental
## 262     Environmental
## 263     Environmental
## 264     Environmental
## 265           Medical
## 266     Environmental
## 267    Basic research
## 268     Environmental
## 269     Environmental
## 270     Environmental
## 271     Environmental
## 272    Basic research
## 273           Medical
## 274    Basic research
## 275    Basic research
## 276    Basic research
## 277           Medical
## 278           Medical
## 279           Medical
## 280           Medical
## 281           Medical
## 282     Environmental
## 283           Medical
## 284           Medical
## 285     Environmental
## 286           Medical
## 287           Medical
## 288           Medical
## 289     Environmental
## 290     Environmental
## 291    Basic research
## 292    Basic research
## 293    Basic research
## 294    Basic research
## 295    Basic research
## 296    Basic research
## 297    Basic research
## 298           Medical
## 299     Environmental
## 300           Medical
## 301           Medical
## 302           Medical
## 303           Medical
## 304     Environmental
## 305     Environmental
## 306     Environmental
## 307    Basic research
## 308     Environmental
## 309     Environmental
## 310     Environmental
## 311           Medical
## 312           Medical
## 313           Medical
## 314           Medical
## 315           Medical
## 316     Environmental
## 317    Basic research
## 318    Basic research
## 319    Basic research
## 320    Basic research
## 321    Basic research
## 322    Basic research
## 323    Basic research
## 324    Basic research
## 325    Basic research
## 326    Basic research
## 327    Basic research
## 328    Basic research
## 329    Basic research
## 330    Basic research
## 331    Basic research
## 332    Basic research
## 333    Basic research
## 334    Basic research
## 335    Basic research
## 336    Basic research
## 337    Basic research
## 338    Basic research
## 339    Basic research
## 340    Basic research
## 341    Basic research
## 342    Basic research
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## 1443    Environmental
## 1444    Environmental
## 1445          Medical
## 1446          Medical
## 1447    Environmental
## 1448    Environmental
## 1449    Environmental
## 1450          Medical
## 1451          Medical
## 1452          Medical
## 1453          Medical
## 1454          Medical
## 1455          Medical
## 1456    Environmental
## 1457    Environmental
## 1458    Environmental
## 1459    Environmental
## 1460    Environmental
## 1461    Environmental
## 1462   Basic research
## 1463    Environmental
## 1464   Basic research
## 1465          Medical
## 1466    Environmental
## 1467    Environmental
## 1468    Environmental
## 1469    Environmental
## 1470    Environmental
## 1471    Environmental
## 1472    Environmental
## 1473    Environmental
## 1474    Environmental
## 1475    Environmental
## 1476          Medical
## 1477          Medical
## 1478          Medical
## 1479    Environmental
## 1480    Environmental
## 1481    Environmental
## 1482    Environmental
## 1483    Environmental
## 1484    Environmental
## 1485    Environmental
## 1486          Medical
## 1487          Medical
## 1488          Medical
## 1489          Medical
## 1490    Environmental
## 1491    Environmental
## 1492          Medical
## 1493          Medical
## 1494   Basic research
## 1495   Basic research
## 1496          Medical
## 1497          Medical
## 1498          Medical
## 1499          Medical
## 1500   Basic research
## 1501   Basic research
## 1502   Basic research
## 1503   Basic research
## 1504   Basic research
## 1505    Environmental
## 1506    Environmental
## 1507    Environmental
## 1508    Environmental
## 1509    Environmental
## 1510          Medical
## 1511          Medical
## 1512          Medical
## 1513    Environmental
## 1514    Environmental
## 1515          Medical
## 1516    Environmental
## 1517    Environmental
## 1518    Environmental
## 1519          Medical
## 1520          Medical
## 1521          Medical
## 1522    Environmental
## 1523          Medical
## 1524          Medical
## 1525          Medical
## 1526          Medical
## 1527          Medical
## 1528    Environmental
## 1529    Environmental
## 1530    Environmental
## 1531    Environmental
## 1532          Medical
## 1533          Medical
## 1534          Medical
## 1535    Environmental
## 1536    Environmental
## 1537          Medical
## 1538   Basic research
## 1539   Basic research
## 1540   Basic research
## 1541   Basic research
## 1542   Basic research
## 1543    Environmental
## 1544    Environmental
## 1545    Environmental
## 1546    Environmental
## 1547    Environmental
## 1548          Medical
## 1549          Medical
## 1550    Environmental
## 1551          Medical
## 1552    Environmental
## 1553          Medical
## 1554    Environmental
## 1555    Environmental
## 1556    Environmental
## 1557    Environmental
## 1558   Basic research
## 1559    Environmental
## 1560          Medical
## 1561          Medical
## 1562          Medical
## 1563          Medical
## 1564          Medical
## 1565    Environmental
## 1566    Environmental
## 1567          Medical
## 1568    Environmental
## 1569          Medical
## 1570          Medical
## 1571          Medical
## 1572          Medical
## 1573    Environmental
## 1574    Environmental
## 1575    Environmental
## 1576    Environmental
## 1577    Environmental
## 1578    Environmental
## 1579   Basic research
## 1580    Environmental
## 1581          Medical
## 1582          Medical
## 1583          Medical
## 1584   Basic research
## 1585   Basic research
## 1586    Environmental
## 1587    Environmental
## 1588          Medical
## 1589    Environmental
## 1590    Environmental
## 1591    Environmental
## 1592          Medical
## 1593          Medical
## 1594          Medical
## 1595    Environmental
## 1596    Environmental
## 1597    Environmental
## 1598    Environmental
## 1599    Environmental
## 1600    Environmental
## 1601    Environmental
## 1602   Basic research
## 1603          Medical
## 1604    Environmental
## 1605    Environmental
## 1606    Environmental
## 1607    Environmental
## 1608    Environmental
## 1609    Environmental
## 1610    Environmental
## 1611    Environmental
## 1612          Medical
## 1613          Medical
## 1614          Medical
## 1615          Medical
## 1616          Medical
## 1617    Environmental
## 1618    Environmental
## 1619    Environmental
## 1620    Environmental
## 1621    Environmental
## 1622    Environmental
## 1623    Environmental
## 1624    Environmental
## 1625    Environmental
## 1626    Environmental
## 1627    Environmental
## 1628    Environmental
## 1629    Environmental
## 1630          Medical
## 1631          Medical
## 1632    Environmental
## 1633    Environmental
## 1634    Environmental
## 1635    Environmental
## 1636    Environmental
## 1637    Environmental
## 1638    Environmental
## 1639    Environmental
## 1640    Environmental
## 1641    Environmental
## 1642    Environmental
## 1643    Environmental
## 1644    Environmental
## 1645    Environmental
## 1646    Environmental
## 1647    Environmental
## 1648    Environmental
## 1649    Environmental
## 1650    Environmental
## 1651    Environmental
## 1652    Environmental
## 1653    Environmental
## 1654    Environmental
## 1655    Environmental
## 1656    Environmental
## 1657    Environmental
## 1658    Environmental
## 1659    Environmental
## 1660    Environmental
## 1661    Environmental
## 1662    Environmental
## 1663    Environmental
## 1664    Environmental
## 1665    Environmental
## 1666    Environmental
## 1667    Environmental
## 1668    Environmental
## 1669    Environmental
## 1670    Environmental
## 1671    Environmental
## 1672    Environmental
## 1673    Environmental
## 1674    Environmental
## 1675    Environmental
## 1676    Environmental
## 1677    Environmental
## 1678    Environmental
## 1679    Environmental
## 1680    Environmental
## 1681    Environmental
## 1682    Environmental
## 1683    Environmental
## 1684    Environmental
## 1685    Environmental
## 1686    Environmental
## 1687    Environmental
## 1688    Environmental
## 1689    Environmental
## 1690    Environmental
## 1691    Environmental
## 1692    Environmental
## 1693    Environmental
## 1694    Environmental
## 1695    Environmental
## 1696    Environmental
## 1697    Environmental
## 1698    Environmental
## 1699    Environmental
## 1700    Environmental
## 1701   Basic research
## 1702   Basic research
## 1703   Basic research
## 1704    Environmental
## 1705    Environmental
## 1706    Environmental
## 1707    Environmental
## 1708    Environmental
## 1709    Environmental
## 1710    Environmental
## 1711    Environmental
## 1712    Environmental
## 1713          Medical
## 1714          Medical
## 1715    Environmental
## 1716    Environmental
## 1717    Environmental
## 1718    Environmental
## 1719    Environmental
## 1720    Environmental
## 1721    Environmental
## 1722    Environmental
## 1723    Environmental
## 1724    Environmental
## 1725    Environmental
## 1726    Environmental
## 1727          Medical
## 1728          Medical
## 1729          Medical
## 1730          Medical
## 1731    Environmental
## 1732          Medical
## 1733          Medical
## 1734   Basic research
## 1735   Basic research
## 1736    Environmental
## 1737    Environmental
## 1738    Environmental
## 1739   Basic research
## 1740   Basic research
##                                                        compound_name
## 1                                                          Buspirone
## 2                                                         Fluoxetine
## 3                                                         Bromazepam
## 4                                                         Clonazepam
## 5                                                         Fluoxetine
## 6                                                          Buspirone
## 7                                                       Escitalopram
## 8                                                          Arecoline
## 9                                     Alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone
## 10                                                       Venlafaxine
## 11                                                           Estrone
## 12                                                        Sertraline
## 13                                                        Sertraline
## 14                                                          Diazepam
## 15                                                        Fluoxetine
## 16                                                       Cannabidiol
## 17                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 18                                                         Melatonin
## 19                                                         Valproate
## 20                                                     Ciprofloxacin
## 21                                                        Fluoxetine
## 22                                          4-hydroxyandrostenedione
## 23                                                           Cocaine
## 24                                                         Sulpiride
## 25                                                          Diazepam
## 26                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 27                                                    5-fluorouracil
## 28                                                        Leucovorin
## 29                                                         Valproate
## 30                                                       Haloperidol
## 31                                                      Aripiprazole
## 32                                                         Clozapine
## 33                                                        Olanzapine
## 34                                                       Risperidone
## 35                                                         Buspirone
## 36                                                        Alprazolam
## 37                                                         Bupropion
## 38                                                        Duloxetine
## 39                                                      Escitalopram
## 40                                                        Imipramine
## 41                                                        Tianeptine
## 42                                                          Diazepam
## 43                                                17-beta-trenbolone
## 44                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 45                                                 Dextroamphetamine
## 46                                                        Fluoxetine
## 47                                                          Diazepam
## 48                                                  Chlordiazepoxide
## 49                                                        Clonazepam
## 50                                                         Buspirone
## 51                                                       Moclobemide
## 52                                                          Caffeine
## 53                                                       Scopolamine
## 54                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 55                                                Diethylstilbestrol
## 56                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 57                                                          Naproxen
## 58                                                        Fluoxetine
## 59                                                        Fluoxetine
## 60                                                       Neostigmine
## 61                                                    Pyridostigmine
## 62                                                     Thrimethoprim
## 63                                                      Clotrimazole
## 64                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 65                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 66                                                         Buspirone
## 67                                                          Nicotine
## 68                                                        Fluoxetine
## 69                                                      Prednisolone
## 70                                                 17-beta-estradiol
## 71                                                        Imipramine
## 72                                                          Ketamine
## 73                                                        Ivermectin
## 74                                                           Estrone
## 75                                                 17-beta-estradiol
## 76                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 77                                                        Fluoxetine
## 78                                                        Fluoxetine
## 79                                                        Sertraline
## 80                                                    Levonorgestrel
## 81                                                          Caffeine
## 82                                                         Arecoline
## 83                                                         Metformin
## 84                                                         Cisplatin
## 85                                                   Methylphenidate
## 86                                                       Neostigmine
## 87                                                    Pyridostigmine
## 88                                                        Fluoxetine
## 89                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 90                                                          Caffeine
## 91                                         17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 92                                                         Valproate
## 93                                                          Caffeine
## 94                                                         Flutamide
## 95                                                         Trazodone
## 96                                                          Oxazepam
## 97                                                        Fluoxetine
## 98                                                   Methamphetamine
## 99                                                          Morphine
## 100                                                         Tramadol
## 101                                                         Fentanyl
## 102                                                 3-methylfentanyl
## 103                                                    Butyrfentanyl
## 104                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 105                                                      Paracetamol
## 106                                                       Fluoxetine
## 107                                                         Diazepam
## 108                                                        Buspirone
## 109                                                         Caffeine
## 110                                                         Diazepam
## 111                                                        Buspirone
## 112                                                         Caffeine
## 113                                                        Bupropion
## 114                                                       Clonazepam
## 115                                                       Bromazepam
## 116                                                         Diazepam
## 117                                                        Buspirone
## 118                                                      Propranolol
## 119                                                        Phenytoin
## 120                                                  Tranylcypromine
## 121                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 122                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 123                                                    Ciprofloxacin
## 124                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 125                                                        Clemizole
## 126                                                         Diazepam
## 127                                                         Caffeine
## 128                                                         Diazepam
## 129                                                Desmethyldiazepam
## 130                                                      Scopolamine
## 131                                                         Deprenyl
## 132                                                      Paracetamol
## 133                                                    Ciprofloxacin
## 134                                                       Fluoxetine
## 135                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 136                                                          Cocaine
## 137                                                         Diazepam
## 138                                                          Estrone
## 139                                                         Oxazepam
## 140                                                  Diphenhydramine
## 141                                                         Diazepam
## 142                                                         Doxapram
## 143                                                         Nicotine
## 144                                                        Ketotifen
## 145                                                       Doxylamine
## 146                                                     Dimethindene
## 147                                                       Cetirizine
## 148                                                    Levocabastine
## 149                                                       Citalopram
## 150                                                      Venlafaxine
## 151                                                       Diclofenac
## 152                                                         Naproxen
## 153                                                    Carbamazepine
## 154                                                        Valproate
## 155                                                        Lidocaine
## 156                                                      Haloperidol
## 157                                                        Sulpiride
## 158                                                         Honokiol
## 159                                                         Baclofen
## 160                                                    Carbamazepine
## 161                                                     Aripiprazole
## 162                                                         Nicotine
## 163                                                   Nitrofurantoin
## 164                                                         Prazosin
## 165                                                         Diazepam
## 166                                                      Gemfibrozil
## 167                                                        Genistein
## 168                                                         Daidzein
## 169                                                         Oxazepam
## 170                                                        Mescaline
## 171                                                    Phencyclidine
## 172                                                         Diazepam
## 173                                                    Carbamazepine
## 174                                                        Phenytoin
## 175                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 176                                                        Flutamide
## 177                                                         Ketamine
## 178                                                      Risperidone
## 179                                                      Haloperidol
## 180                                                        Valproate
## 181                                                         Nicotine
## 182                                                    Buprenorphine
## 183                                                         Naloxone
## 184                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 185                                  25-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
## 186                                          Para-methoxyamphetamine
## 187                                 34-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
## 188                                                        Tofisopam
## 189                                                      Venlafaxine
## 190                                                      Granisetron
## 191                                                        Pizotifen
## 192                                                     Methysergide
## 193                                                       Fluoxetine
## 194                                                   Cyproheptadine
## 195                                                       Flumazenil
## 196                                                      Desipramine
## 197                                                         Diazepam
## 198                                                        Ibuprofen
## 199                                                      Propranolol
## 200                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 201                                                      Albendazole
## 202                                                         Febantel
## 203                                                     Fenbendazole
## 204                                                      Oxfendazole
## 205                                                       Doramectin
## 206                                                       Ivermectin
## 207                                                       Flumethrin
## 208                                                      Toltrazuril
## 209                                             Acetylsalicylic acid
## 210                                                        Ibuprofen
## 211                                                         Naproxen
## 212                                                      Bezafibrate
## 213                                                       Clofibrate
## 214                                                      Gemfibrozil
## 215                                                       Fluoxetine
## 216                                                       Citalopram
## 217                                                      Venlafaxine
## 218                                                    Amitriptyline
## 219                                                       Sertraline
## 220                                                     Vortioxetine
## 221                                                       Paroxetine
## 222                                                      Fluvoxamine
## 223                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 224                                                    Pentobarbital
## 225                                                         Morphine
## 226                                                         Naloxone
## 227                                                       Fluoxetine
## 228                                       Lysergic acid diethylamide
## 229                                                          Cocaine
## 230                                                  Tranylcypromine
## 231                                                       Fluoxetine
## 232                                                       Fluoxetine
## 233                                                       Sertraline
## 234                                                      Venlafaxine
## 235                                                        Bupropion
## 236                                                       Fluoxetine
## 237                                             Tetrahydrocannabinol
## 238                                             N-methyl-d-aspartate
## 239                                                        Sulpiride
## 240                                                       Doramectin
## 241                                                       Flumethrin
## 242                                                      Toltrazuril
## 243                                                     Fenbendazole
## 244                                                     Sulfaclozine
## 245                                                 Pyrantel pamoate
## 246                                                         Oxazepam
## 247                                                        Cefalexin
## 248                                                          Cocaine
## 249                                                        Lidocaine
## 250                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 251                                                Tricaine mesylate
## 252                                                          Eugenol
## 253                                                         Nicotine
## 254                                                      Pilocarpine
## 255                                                      Scopolamine
## 256                                                     Mecamylamine
## 257                                                         Deprenyl
## 258                                                       Fluoxetine
## 259                                                      Apomorphine
## 260                                                       Cimetidine
## 261                                                  Diphenhydramine
## 262                                                        Memantine
## 263                                                         Diazepam
## 264                                                       Fluoxetine
## 265                                                         Ketamine
## 266                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 267                                                       Flumazenil
## 268                                               17-beta-trenbolone
## 269                                               17-beta-trenbolone
## 270                                                       Fluoxetine
## 271                                                       Sertraline
## 272                                                       Fluoxetine
## 273                                                  Methylphenidate
## 274                                                        Buspirone
## 275                                                 Chlordiazepoxide
## 276                                                         Caffeine
## 277                                                    Carbamazepine
## 278                                                       Fluoxetine
## 279                                                      Venlafaxine
## 280                                                        Phenytoin
## 281                                                   Desvenlafaxine
## 282                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 283                                                         Caffeine
## 284                                                         Diazepam
## 285                                                    Carbamazepine
## 286                                                         Morphine
## 287                                                         Diazepam
## 288                                                         Naloxone
## 289                                                       Fluoxetine
## 290                                                       Citalopram
## 291                                                         Diazepam
## 292                                                       Clonazepam
## 293                                                        Lorazepam
## 294                                                        Triazolam
## 295                                                         Zolpidem
## 296                                                        Midazolam
## 297                                                       Flumazenil
## 298                                                         Ketamine
## 299                                                         Oxazepam
## 300                                                       Fluoxetine
## 301                                                       Imipramine
## 302                                                         Diazepam
## 303                                                       Clonazepam
## 304                                                       Fluoxetine
## 305                                                      Propranolol
## 306                                                    Amitriptyline
## 307                                                          Eugenol
## 308                                                         Tramadol
## 309                                                    Carbamazepine
## 310                                                       Fluoxetine
## 311                                                          Doxepin
## 312                                                       Fluoxetine
## 313                                                       Duloxetine
## 314                                                        Bupropion
## 315                                                       Sertraline
## 316                                                         Ketamine
## 317                                                    Amitriptyline
## 318                                 34-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
## 319                                  25-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
## 320                                          Para-methoxyamphetamine
## 321                                                       Citalopram
## 322                                                        Clonidine
## 323                                                       Guanfacine
## 324                                                        Yohimbine
## 325                                            4-hydroxybutyric acid
## 326                                                        Gaboxadol
## 327                                                         Baclofen
## 328                                                         Baclofen
## 329                                                2-hydroxysaclofen
## 330                                                       Flurazepam
## 331                                                         Diazepam
## 332                                                    Pentobarbital
## 333                                                       Flumazenil
## 334                                                 Chlorpheniramine
## 335                                                  Diphenhydramine
## 336                                                       Mepyramine
## 337                                                          Doxepin
## 338                                                       Gabapentin
## 339                                                       Mephedrone
## 340                                                       Mephedrone
## 341                                                       Mephedrone
## 342                                                          Cocaine
## 343                                                         Oxazepam
## 344                                                      Venlafaxine
## 345                                                         Caffeine
## 346                                                       Fluoxetine
## 347                                                 N-acetylcysteine
## 348                                                       Fluoxetine
## 349                                                       Bromazepam
## 350                                                          Eugenol
## 351                                                         Propofol
## 352                                                       Sertraline
## 353                                                       Fluoxetine
## 354                                                         Morphine
## 355                                  25-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
## 356                                          Para-methoxyamphetamine
## 357                                 34-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
## 358                                                       Fluoxetine
## 359                                                       Fluoxetine
## 360                                       Lysergic acid diethylamide
## 361                               O-acetyl-l-carnitine hydrochloride
## 362                                                          Betaine
## 363                                                       Diclofenac
## 364                                                    Carbamazepine
## 365                                                      Paracetamol
## 366                                                      Propranolol
## 367                                                    Amitriptyline
## 368                                                       Fluoxetine
## 369                                                       Citalopram
## 370                                                       Sertraline
## 371                                                       Paroxetine
## 372                                                        Bupropion
## 373                                                      Venlafaxine
## 374                                                   Desvenlafaxine
## 375                                                    Carbamazepine
## 376                                                         Oxazepam
## 377                                                         Tramadol
## 378                                                      Haloperidol
## 379                                                      Risperidone
## 380                                                   Chlorpromazine
## 381                                                      Haloperidol
## 382                                                        Clozapine
## 383                                                        Buspirone
## 384                                                         Diazepam
## 385                                                 Chlordiazepoxide
## 386                                                       Fluoxetine
## 387                                                       Citalopram
## 388                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 389                                               17-beta-trenbolone
## 390                                                        Lidocaine
## 391                                                        Carprofen
## 392                                                    Buprenorphine
## 393                                                       Fluoxetine
## 394                                                       Fluoxetine
## 395                                                      Haloperidol
## 396                                                       Olanzapine
## 397                                                        Sulpiride
## 398                                                         Caffeine
## 399                                                      Cannabidiol
## 400                                                         Diazepam
## 401                                                       Flumazenil
## 402                                                      Venlafaxine
## 403                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 404                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 405                                                  Methamphetamine
## 406                                                       Sertraline
## 407                                               Emamectin benzoate
## 408                                                        Valproate
## 409                                                    Carbamazepine
## 410                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 411                                                       Fluoxetine
## 412                                                        Diltiazem
## 413                                                       Fluoxetine
## 414                                                       Citalopram
## 415                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 416                                                         Oxazepam
## 417                                                        Buspirone
## 418                                                       Fluoxetine
## 419                                                      Fluvoxamine
## 420                                                       Paroxetine
## 421                                                       Sertraline
## 422                                               17-beta-trenbolone
## 423                                                         Caffeine
## 424                                                       Fluoxetine
## 425                                                         Morphine
## 426                                                         Nicotine
## 427                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 428                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 429                                             Acetylsalicylic acid
## 430                                                         Morphine
## 431                                                        Lidocaine
## 432                                                         Flunixin
## 433                                                      Hydroxyzine
## 434                                                     Fexofenadine
## 435                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 436                                                         Diazepam
## 437                                                       Fluoxetine
## 438                                                         Caffeine
## 439                                                     Indomethacin
## 440                                                        Donepezil
## 441                                                Tricaine mesylate
## 442                                                         Ketamine
## 443                                                         Propofol
## 444                                                       Fluoxetine
## 445                                                        Valproate
## 446                                                    Carbamazepine
## 447                                                    Carbamazepine
## 448                                                        Valproate
## 449                                                         Caffeine
## 450                                                     Theophylline
## 451                                                    Pentobarbital
## 452                                                        Reserpine
## 453                                                    Carbamazepine
## 454                                                       Diclofenac
## 455                                                         Oxazepam
## 456                                                         Ketamine
## 457                                                        Triazolam
## 458                                                         Zolpidem
## 459                                                  Methylphenidate
## 460                                                        Modafinil
## 461                                                         Pemoline
## 462                                                      Venlafaxine
## 463                                                         Nicotine
## 464                                                       Fluoxetine
## 465                                                 Chlordiazepoxide
## 466                                                    Amitriptyline
## 467                                                        Iopamidol
## 468                                                       Sertraline
## 469                                                  Methamphetamine
## 470                                                       Alprazolam
## 471                                                       Fluoxetine
## 472                                                         Morphine
## 473                                                       Fluoxetine
## 474                                                      Venlafaxine
## 475                                                    Carbamazepine
## 476                                                        Diltiazem
## 477                                                        Melatonin
## 478                                                     Moxifloxacin
## 479                                                     Rosuvastatin
## 480                                                       Fluoxetine
## 481                                                  Methamphetamine
## 482                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 483                                                         Diazepam
## 484                                                        Thyroxine
## 485                                                        Thyroxine
## 486                                                      Gemfibrozil
## 487                                                       Fluoxetine
## 488                                                       Fluoxetine
## 489                                                    Carbamazepine
## 490                                                       Diclofenac
## 491                                                    Carbamazepine
## 492                                                       Tiletamine
## 493                                                  Diphenhydramine
## 494                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 495                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 496                                                         Morphine
## 497                                                         Caffeine
## 498                                                       Fluoxetine
## 499                                                       Fluoxetine
## 500                                                      Propranolol
## 501                                                   Cyproheptadine
## 502                                                        Mianserin
## 503                                                       Paroxetine
## 504                                                      Fluvoxamine
## 505                                                      Midostaurin
## 506                                                      Scopolamine
## 507                                                        Sulpiride
## 508                                                       Citalopram
## 509                                                         Nicotine
## 510                                                     Mecamylamine
## 511                                                        Bupropion
## 512                                                      Varenicline
## 513                                                       Disulfiram
## 514                                                      Apomorphine
## 515                                                        Betaxolol
## 516                                                     Carisoprodol
## 517                                                       Clonazepam
## 518                                                         Diazepam
## 519                                                        Lorazepam
## 520                                                       Topiramate
## 521                                                         Zolpidem
## 522                                                         Baclofen
## 523                                                        Buspirone
## 524                                                       Citalopram
## 525                                              Clemastine fumarate
## 526                                                         Deprenyl
## 527                                                        Diltiazem
## 528                                                       Fluoxetine
## 529                                                       Nefazodone
## 530                                                       Olanzapine
## 531                                                      Venlafaxine
## 532                                                        Tiagabine
## 533                                                        Modafinil
## 534                                                       Fluoxetine
## 535                                                      Paracetamol
## 536                                                       Fluoxetine
## 537                                                    Carbamazepine
## 538                                                      Venlafaxine
## 539                                                       Sertraline
## 540                                                       Citalopram
## 541                                                       Fluoxetine
## 542                                                         Flunixin
## 543                                                         Morphine
## 544                                                      Bupivacaine
## 545                                                        Lidocaine
## 546                                                       Fluoxetine
## 547                                                      Fluvoxamine
## 548                                               20-hydroxyecdysone
## 549                                                  Methylphenidate
## 550                                                         Caffeine
## 551                                                         Morphine
## 552                                                       Fluoxetine
## 553                                                         Tramadol
## 554                                                       Gabapentin
## 555                                                         Muscimol
## 556                                                    Carbamazepine
## 557                                                         Morphine
## 558                                                       Fluoxetine
## 559                                                   Levonorgestrel
## 560                                                    Amitriptyline
## 561                                                       Fluoxetine
## 562                                                        Buspirone
## 563                                                       Ketanserin
## 564                                                       Fluoxetine
## 565                                                        Ibuprofen
## 566                                                        Tamoxifen
## 567                                                      Fulvestrant
## 568                                                       Sertraline
## 569                                                      Venlafaxine
## 570                                               17-beta-trenbolone
## 571                                                       Fluoxetine
## 572                                                        Arecoline
## 573                                                         Caffeine
## 574                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 575                                                       Sertraline
## 576                                                       Fluoxetine
## 577                                                         Nicotine
## 578                                                       Fluoxetine
## 579                                                      Risperidone
## 580                                                        Ibuprofen
## 581                                                       Diclofenac
## 582                                                      Paracetamol
## 583                                                  Oxytetracycline
## 584                                                      Venlafaxine
## 585                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 586                                                    Physostigmine
## 587                                                      Scopolamine
## 588                                                          Cocaine
## 589                                                 Sulfamethoxazole
## 590                                                     Sulfadiazine
## 591                                                   Sulfamethazine
## 592                                                       Fluoxetine
## 593                                                       Sertraline
## 594                                                        Mianserin
## 595                                                       Fluoxetine
## 596                                                        Spiperone
## 597                                                      Haloperidol
## 598                                                       Alprenolol
## 599                                                       Fluoxetine
## 600                                                         Diazepam
## 601                                                        Lidocaine
## 602                                                       Fluoxetine
## 603                                                         Diazepam
## 604                                                       Flumazenil
## 605                                                         Oxazepam
## 606                                                     Atorvastatin
## 607                                                      Gemfibrozil
## 608                                                     Aripiprazole
## 609                                                       Fluoxetine
## 610                                                       Fluoxetine
## 611                                                         Tramadol
## 612                                             Tetrahydrocannabinol
## 613                                                      Cannabidiol
## 614                                                       Fluoxetine
## 615                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 616                                                         Morphine
## 617                                                       Citalopram
## 618                                                         Tramadol
## 619                                                        Melatonin
## 620                                                   Hydrocortisone
## 621                                                      Venlafaxine
## 622                                                       Fluoxetine
## 623                                                       Fluoxetine
## 624                                                         Oxazepam
## 625                                                        Amiloride
## 626                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 627                                                    Teflubenzuron
## 628                                                       Sertraline
## 629                                                       Fluoxetine
## 630                                                      Propranolol
## 631                                                  Oxytetracycline
## 632                                                      Risperidone
## 633                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 634                                                         Diazepam
## 635                                                       Clonazepam
## 636                                                         Diazepam
## 637                                                       Fluoxetine
## 638                                                      Risperidone
## 639                                                        Buspirone
## 640                                                      Gemfibrozil
## 641                                                      Venlafaxine
## 642                                                       Gabapentin
## 643                                                    Thrimethoprim
## 644                                                       Sertraline
## 645                                                       Sertraline
## 646                                                    Carbamazepine
## 647                                                      Lamotrigine
## 648                                                    Levetiracetam
## 649                                                    Phenobarbital
## 650                                                        Phenytoin
## 651                                                        Valproate
## 652                                                       Fluoxetine
## 653                                                        Buspirone
## 654                                                       Citalopram
## 655                                                     Ethosuximide
## 656                                                      Butorphanol
## 657                                                         Morphine
## 658                                                       Fluoxetine
## 659                                                    Amitriptyline
## 660                                                        Amoxapine
## 661                                                       Sertraline
## 662                                                          Doxepin
## 663                                                       Imipramine
## 664                                                      Moclobemide
## 665                                                       Selegiline
## 666                                                     Escitalopram
## 667                                                       Fluoxetine
## 668                                                       Paroxetine
## 669                                                       Duloxetine
## 670                                                      Milnacipran
## 671                                                      Venlafaxine
## 672                                                      Atomoxetine
## 673                                                        Bupropion
## 674                                                        Mianserin
## 675                                                      Mirtazapine
## 676                                                        Trazodone
## 677                                                        Flutamide
## 678                                                       Fluoxetine
## 679                                                       Ropinirole
## 680                                                       Citalopram
## 681                                                         Naloxone
## 682                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 683                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 684                                                       Citalopram
## 685                                                      Finasteride
## 686                                             Melengestrol acetate
## 687                                                       Citalopram
## 688                                                       Sertraline
## 689                                                  Methamphetamine
## 690                                                         Tramadol
## 691                                                         Oxazepam
## 692                                                       Bromazepam
## 693                                                         Clobazam
## 694                                                        Temazepam
## 695                                                  Methamphetamine
## 696                                                        Lidocaine
## 697                                                       Fluoxetine
## 698                                                        Ibuprofen
## 699                                                    Carbamazepine
## 700                                                       Fluoxetine
## 701                                                         Tramadol
## 702                                                       Fluoxetine
## 703                                                      Haloperidol
## 704                                                       Fluoxetine
## 705                                                       Fluoxetine
## 706                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 707                                               17-beta-trenbolone
## 708                                                      Scopolamine
## 709                                                        Melatonin
## 710                                                      Venlafaxine
## 711                                                       Fluoxetine
## 712                                                       Sertraline
## 713                                                    Amitriptyline
## 714                                                       Phenazepam
## 715                                                       Mephedrone
## 716                                                     Cyclosporine
## 717                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 718                                                         Atropine
## 719                                                      Scopolamine
## 720                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 721                                                    Norethindrone
## 722                                                      Mirtazapine
## 723                                                         Morphine
## 724                                                        Ibuprofen
## 725                                                         Ketamine
## 726                                               17-beta-trenbolone
## 727                                                       Fluoxetine
## 728                                                       Fluoxetine
## 729                                                       Fluoxetine
## 730                                                         Naloxone
## 731                            N-omega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester
## 732                                                   Methylene blue
## 733                                                         Ketamine
## 734                                                          Camphor
## 735                                                        Amiloride
## 736                                                   Mefenamic acid
## 737                                                         Morphine
## 738                                                       Fluoxetine
## 739                                                       Fluoxetine
## 740                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 741                                                        Methadone
## 742                                                     Erythromycin
## 743                                                     Ketoconazole
## 744                                                         Oxazepam
## 745                                              Diphenyl diselenide
## 746                                                        Temazepam
## 747                                                       Irbesartan
## 748                                                      Propranolol
## 749                                                         Caffeine
## 750                                                       Clonazepam
## 751                                                         Diazepam
## 752                                                      Moclobemide
## 753                                                       Fluoxetine
## 754                                                        Buspirone
## 755                                                        Bupropion
## 756                                                   Diethylpropion
## 757                                                 Chlordiazepoxide
## 758                                             Sodium nitroprusside
## 759                                                        Verapamil
## 760                                                    Nortriptyline
## 761                                                      Ractopamine
## 762                               17-alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone
## 763                                                         Atenolol
## 764                                                       Metoprolol
## 765                                                        Labetalol
## 766                                                      Propranolol
## 767                                                         Caffeine
## 768                                                      Liraglutide
## 769                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 770                                               Methyltestosterone
## 771                                                   Salicylic acid
## 772                                                         Tramadol
## 773                                                    Methocarbamol
## 774                                                        Temazepam
## 775                                                       Diclofenac
## 776                                                         Morphine
## 777                                                         Naloxone
## 778                                                      Propranolol
## 779                                                     Pyrovalerone
## 780                                                       Guanylurea
## 781                                                       Fluoxetine
## 782                                                       Fluoxetine
## 783                                                         Diazepam
## 784                                                       Fluoxetine
## 785                                                       Fluoxetine
## 786                                                         Oxazepam
## 787                                                       Clonazepam
## 788                                                       Fluoxetine
## 789                                                         Caffeine
## 790                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 791                                                     Medetomidine
## 792                                                         Caffeine
## 793                                                     Dipyridamole
## 794                                                        Sulpiride
## 795                                                       Ketanserin
## 796                                                      Ondansetron
## 797                                                         Caffeine
## 798                                                         Diazepam
## 799                                                       Citalopram
## 800                                                         Tramadol
## 801                                                       Fluoxetine
## 802                                                         Diazepam
## 803                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 804                                                         Diazepam
## 805                                                       Clonazepam
## 806                                                         Diazepam
## 807                                                         Caffeine
## 808                                                       Fluoxetine
## 809                                                       Citalopram
## 810                                                        Melatonin
## 811                                                         Nicotine
## 812                                                         Diazepam
## 813                                                       Picrotoxin
## 814                                             Sodium pentobarbital
## 815                                                       Fluoxetine
## 816                                                        Ibuprofen
## 817                                                       Diclofenac
## 818                                                    Carbamazepine
## 819                                                      Bezafibrate
## 820                                                 Sulfamethoxazole
## 821                                                         Caffeine
## 822                                                   Clarithromycin
## 823                                                       Fluoxetine
## 824                                                       Benzocaine
## 825                                                Tricaine mesylate
## 826                                                       Fluoxetine
## 827                                                         Diazepam
## 828                                                        Lorazepam
## 829                                               Estradiol valerate
## 830                                               Estradiol benzoate
## 831                                                        Midazolam
## 832                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 833                                                         Diazepam
## 834                                                        Melatonin
## 835                                                       Fluoxetine
## 836                                                      Propranolol
## 837                                                  Methylphenidate
## 838                                                        Lidocaine
## 839                                                       Prednisone
## 840                                                       Fluoxetine
## 841                                                        Metformin
## 842                                                        Etomidate
## 843                                                         Propofol
## 844                                                    Pentobarbital
## 845                                                      Alphaxalone
## 846                                                         Ketamine
## 847                                                  Dexmedetomidine
## 848                                      Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine
## 849                                                     Escitalopram
## 850                                                        Melatonin
## 851                                                      Cannabidiol
## 852                                             Tetrahydrocannabinol
## 853                                                   Cannabidivarin
## 854                                                       Cannabinol
## 855                                                       Fluoxetine
## 856                                                          Cocaine
## 857                                                      Spiradoline
## 858                                                       Fluoxetine
## 859                                                       Fluoxetine
## 860                                                         Caffeine
## 861                                                       Fluoxetine
## 862                                                      Paracetamol
## 863                                                      Propranolol
## 864                                                       Sertraline
## 865                                                        Ibuprofen
## 866                                                      Paracetamol
## 867                                             Acetylsalicylic acid
## 868                                                      Amoxicillin
## 869                                              Bendroflumethiazide
## 870                                                       Furosemide
## 871                                                         Atenolol
## 872                                                         Diazepam
## 873                                                          Digoxin
## 874                                                       Amlodipine
## 875                                                       Sertraline
## 876                                                         Diazepam
## 877                                                   Chlorpromazine
## 878                                                       Citalopram
## 879                                                      Cyamemazine
## 880                                                       Fluoxetine
## 881                                                         Oxazepam
## 882                                                       Sertraline
## 883                                                        Valproate
## 884                                                  Diphenhydramine
## 885                                                        Buspirone
## 886                                                      Vincristine
## 887                                                       Bortezomib
## 888                                                       Diclofenac
## 889                                                       Fluoxetine
## 890                                                       Fluoxetine
## 891                                                          Cocaine
## 892                                                       Fluoxetine
## 893                                                        Metformin
## 894                                                        Ibuprofen
## 895                                                       Fluoxetine
## 896                                                    Carbamazepine
## 897                                                         Diazepam
## 898                                                      Propranolol
## 899                                                        Buspirone
## 900                                                       Sertraline
## 901                                                       Proglumide
## 902                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 903                                                         Naloxone
## 904                                                 Chlordiazepoxide
## 905                                                        Verapamil
## 906                                                    Ciprofloxacin
## 907                                                        Ofloxacin
## 908                                                      Norfloxacin
## 909                                                     Enrofloxacin
## 910                                                Chlortetracycline
## 911                                                      Doxycycline
## 912                                                      Apomorphine
## 913                                                     Escitalopram
## 914                                                      Dizocilpine
## 915                                                         Tramadol
## 916                                                       Citalopram
## 917                                                      Sumatriptan
## 918                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 919                                                  Diphenhydramine
## 920                                                        Phenytoin
## 921                                                    Carbamazepine
## 922                                                      Gemfibrozil
## 923                                                       Bisoprolol
## 924                                                          Sotalol
## 925                                                       Ranitidine
## 926                                                       Fluoxetine
## 927                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 928                                 34-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
## 929                                                      Paracetamol
## 930                                                       Clonazepam
## 931                                                        Buspirone
## 932                                                       Imipramine
## 933                                                       Fluoxetine
## 934                                                       Paroxetine
## 935                                                      Haloperidol
## 936                                                      Risperidone
## 937                                                      Propranolol
## 938                                                       Fluoxetine
## 939                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 940                                                         Oxazepam
## 941                                                  Methamphetamine
## 942                                                 N-acetylcysteine
## 943                                                         Nicotine
## 944                                                     Mecamylamine
## 945                                                        Phenytoin
## 946                                                       Fluoxetine
## 947                                                       Fluoxetine
## 948                                                         Caffeine
## 949                                                      Pilocarpine
## 950                                               17-beta-trenbolone
## 951                                                      Galantamine
## 952                                                       Imipramine
## 953                                                       Fluoxetine
## 954                                                       Sertraline
## 955                                                      Venlafaxine
## 956                                                        Valproate
## 957                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 958                                                       Diclofenac
## 959                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 960                                        17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 961                                                     Testosterone
## 962                                                 Triiodothyronine
## 963                                                   Hydrocortisone
## 964                                                     Mifepristone
## 965                                                        Fadrozole
## 966                                                       Nilutamide
## 967                                                        Flutamide
## 968                                            Potassium perchlorate
## 969                                                      Paracetamol
## 970                                              Dihydrotestosterone
## 971                                                        Thyroxine
## 972                                                      Gemfibrozil
## 973                                                       Fluoxetine
## 974                                                       Fluoxetine
## 975                                                         Diazepam
## 976                                                    Carbamazepine
## 977                                                      Propranolol
## 978                                                           Apinac
## 979                                                  Methiopropamine
## 980                                                        Thyroxine
## 981                                                 Triiodothyronine
## 982                                                17-beta-estradiol
## 983                                                       Fluoxetine
## 984                                                       Fluoxetine
## 985                                                       Fluoxetine
## 986                                                        Reserpine
## 987                                                       Fluoxetine
## 988                                                        Buspirone
## 989                                                       Fluoxetine
## 990                                                     Etonogestrel
## 991                                                         Oxazepam
## 992                                                        Berberine
## 993                                                        Valproate
## 994                                                       Fluoxetine
## 995                                                       Fluoxetine
## 996                                                  Methamphetamine
## 997                                                 Chlordiazepoxide
## 998                                                       Fluoxetine
## 999                                                        Bupropion
## 1000                                                         Fg-7142
## 1001                                                      Mephedrone
## 1002                                                       Bupropion
## 1003                                              17-beta-trenbolone
## 1004                                                   Isoproterenol
## 1005                                                     Propranolol
## 1006                                                   Phenylephrine
## 1007                                                     Apomorphine
## 1008                                                  Chlorpromazine
## 1009                                                        Atropine
## 1010                                                    Mecamylamine
## 1011                                                        Atenolol
## 1012                                                      Metoprolol
## 1013                                                         Nadolol
## 1014                                                   Acetylcholine
## 1015                                                         Sotalol
## 1016                                                        Diazepam
## 1017                                                       Fgin-1-27
## 1018                                                        Tramadol
## 1019                                                           Dadle
## 1020                                                         U-50488
## 1021                                                        Diazepam
## 1022                                                        Dopamine
## 1023                                                       Midazolam
## 1024                                                 Methamphetamine
## 1025                                                        Tramadol
## 1026                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1027                                                     Propranolol
## 1028                                                     Gemfibrozil
## 1029                                                         Proline
## 1030                                                        Tramadol
## 1031                                                        Nicotine
## 1032                                                        Cotinine
## 1033                                                       Anatabine
## 1034                                                     Nornicotine
## 1035                                            Metanicotine oxalate
## 1036                                                         Azd1446
## 1037                                                   Acetylcholine
## 1038                                                       Buspirone
## 1039                                                      Citalopram
## 1040                                                     Simvastatin
## 1041                                                      Olanzapine
## 1042                                               17-beta-estradiol
## 1043                                   Methamphetamine hydrochloride
## 1044                                                      Nociceptin
## 1045                                                         Jtc-801
## 1046                                                       Valproate
## 1047                                         Methyl methanesulfonate
## 1048                                            Acetylsalicylic acid
## 1049                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1050                                                        Diazepam
## 1051                                                    Ethosuximide
## 1052                                                      Gabapentin
## 1053                                                     Lamotrigine
## 1054                                                   Levetiracetam
## 1055                                                   Oxcarbazepine
## 1056                                                       Phenytoin
## 1057                                                       Primidone
## 1058                                                       Tiagabine
## 1059                                                      Topiramate
## 1060                                                       Valproate
## 1061                                                      Zonisamide
## 1062                                                N-ethylpentylone
## 1063                                                        Sch23390
## 1064                                                       Sulpiride
## 1065                                                     Amphetamine
## 1066                                                     Dizocilpine
## 1067                                                  Sulfamethazine
## 1068                                                       Halothane
## 1069                                                      Isoflurane
## 1070                                                     Sevoflurane
## 1071                                                        Propofol
## 1072                                                       Etomidate
## 1073                                                        Ketamine
## 1074                                                 Dexmedetomidine
## 1075                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1076                                                       Buspirone
## 1077                                               Dextroamphetamine
## 1078                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1079                                                      Diclofenac
## 1080                                              17-beta-trenbolone
## 1081                                                     Paracetamol
## 1082                                            Acetylsalicylic acid
## 1083                                                      Diclofenac
## 1084                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1085                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1086                                                   Acetazolamide
## 1087                                                  Ethoxyzolamide
## 1088                                                     Dorzolamide
## 1089                                                    Erythromycin
## 1090                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1091                                                      Furosemide
## 1092                                                   Thrimethoprim
## 1093                                                        Caffeine
## 1094                                                     Acetic acid
## 1095                                                       Clozapine
## 1096                                              17-beta-trenbolone
## 1097                                                        Caffeine
## 1098                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1099                                                Chlordiazepoxide
## 1100                                                      Ketoprofen
## 1101                                                        Morphine
## 1102                                                        Naloxone
## 1103                                                        Caffeine
## 1104                                                       Buspirone
## 1105                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1106                                                  Clarithromycin
## 1107                                                     Florfenicol
## 1108                                                  Sulfamethazine
## 1109                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1110                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1111                                                    Progesterone
## 1112                                                       Valproate
## 1113                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1114                                                    Ethosuximide
## 1115                                                   Levetiracetam
## 1116                                                       Flutamide
## 1117                                                        Diazepam
## 1118                                                  Chlorpromazine
## 1119                                                       Diltiazem
## 1120                                     1234-tetrahydroisoquinoline
## 1121                                                       Pargyline
## 1122                                                       Buspirone
## 1123                                                       Capsaicin
## 1124                                                        Naloxone
## 1125                                                        Ketamine
## 1126                                                         Camphor
## 1127                                                       Amiloride
## 1128                                                        Morphine
## 1129                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1130                                                        Morphine
## 1131                                               17-beta-estradiol
## 1132                                                       Valproate
## 1133                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1134                                          N-acetylcysteine amide
## 1135                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1136                                                N-acetylcysteine
## 1137                                                    Aripiprazole
## 1138                                                     Risperidone
## 1139                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1140                                                       Clozapine
## 1141                                                      Naltrexone
## 1142                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1143                                                      Sertraline
## 1144                                                       Pizotifen
## 1145                                                     Granisetron
## 1146                                                  Cyproheptadine
## 1147                                                        Diazepam
## 1148                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1149                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1150                                                       Reserpine
## 1151                                               Dextroamphetamine
## 1152                                                     Barbiturate
## 1153                                                        Diazepam
## 1154                                                     B-carboline
## 1155                                               Tricaine mesylate
## 1156                                                       Fadrozole
## 1157                                                     Risperidone
## 1158 8-trifluoromethyl-12345-benzopentathiepin-6-amine hydrochloride
## 1159                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1160                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1161                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1162                                                        Morphine
## 1163                                                        Ketamine
## 1164                                                 Methamphetamine
## 1165                                                       Lidocaine
## 1166                                                     Butorphanol
## 1167                                            Acetylsalicylic acid
## 1168                                                        Ketamine
## 1169                                                      Citalopram
## 1170                                                     Paracetamol
## 1171                                                        Caffeine
## 1172                                        Tetracaine hydrochloride
## 1173                                                       Lidocaine
## 1174                                                     Bupivacaine
## 1175                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1176                                                        Oxazepam
## 1177                                                 Benzoylecgonine
## 1178                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1179                                                        Imatinib
## 1180                                                     Noribogaine
## 1181                                              Methyltestosterone
## 1182                                                      Mephedrone
## 1183                                                       Methylone
## 1184                                         Para-methoxyamphetamine
## 1185                                34-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
## 1186                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1187                                                        Morphine
## 1188                                                        Flunixin
## 1189                                                       Carprofen
## 1190                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1191                                                     1-dodecanol
## 1192                                                        Glycerol
## 1193                                                  12-propanediol
## 1194                                                       Etomidate
## 1195                                                       Valproate
## 1196                                                        Oxazepam
## 1197                                                  Chlorpromazine
## 1198                                                        Morphine
## 1199                                            Tetrahydrocannabinol
## 1200                                1-n-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole
## 1201                                                        Nicotine
## 1202                                                    Progesterone
## 1203                                                  Levonorgestrel
## 1204                                                 Methylphenidate
## 1205                                                        Diazepam
## 1206                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1207                                                 Methylphenidate
## 1208                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1209                                                      Metyrapone
## 1210                                                      Citalopram
## 1211                                                      Bromazepam
## 1212                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1213                                                   Nortriptyline
## 1214                                                      Citalopram
## 1215                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1216                                            Tetrahydrocannabinol
## 1217                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1218                                               17-beta-estradiol
## 1219                                                      Sertraline
## 1220                                                     Simvastatin
## 1221                                                       Metformin
## 1222                                                        Diazepam
## 1223                                                      Omeprazole
## 1224                                       Ractopamine hydrochloride
## 1225                                                 Methylphenidate
## 1226                                              17-beta-trenbolone
## 1227                                                 Methylphenidate
## 1228                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1229                                               17-beta-estradiol
## 1230                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1231                                                     Ceftriaxone
## 1232                                                       Valproate
## 1233                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1234                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1235                                                   Isoproterenol
## 1236                                                     Apomorphine
## 1237                                                Chlordiazepoxide
## 1238                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1239                                                      Ivermectin
## 1240                                                       Histamine
## 1241                                                      Ketoprofen
## 1242                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1243                                                   Physostigmine
## 1244                                                        Nicotine
## 1245                                                        Diazepam
## 1246                                                      Flumazenil
## 1247                                                       Clozapine
## 1248                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1249                                                        Diazepam
## 1250                                                         Cocaine
## 1251                                                 Methamphetamine
## 1252                                                      Mephedrone
## 1253                                                        Nicotine
## 1254                                                      Cannabinol
## 1255                                                        Caffeine
## 1256                                                    Fluphenazine
## 1257                                                        Levodopa
## 1258                                                     Haloperidol
## 1259                                                      Olanzapine
## 1260                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1261                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1262                                                      Sertraline
## 1263                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1264                                                        Diazepam
## 1265                                                     Xanthotoxin
## 1266                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1267                                                       Piracetam
## 1268                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1269                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1270                                                   Ciprofloxacin
## 1271                                               Lithium carbonate
## 1272                                                   Isoproterenol
## 1273                                                       Gestodene
## 1274                                                      Ivermectin
## 1275                                                        Diazepam
## 1276                                               17-beta-estradiol
## 1277                                               17-beta-estradiol
## 1278                                                     Gemfibrozil
## 1279                                                      Clonazepam
## 1280                                               17-beta-estradiol
## 1281                                                    Progesterone
## 1282                                              Emamectin benzoate
## 1283                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1284                                                       Buspirone
## 1285                                                        Caffeine
## 1286                                                     Desipramine
## 1287                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1288                                                      Citalopram
## 1289                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1290                                                  Levonorgestrel
## 1291                                                     Paracetamol
## 1292                                                        Diazepam
## 1293                                                      Ipsapirone
## 1294                                                      Lorcaserin
## 1295                                                       Cisapride
## 1296                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1297                                                   Metronidazole
## 1298                                                      Olaquindox
## 1299                                                   Oxolinic acid
## 1300                                                 Oxytetracycline
## 1301                                                    Streptomycin
## 1302                                                    Sulfadiazine
## 1303                                                    Tetracycline
## 1304                                                        Tiamulin
## 1305                                                         Tylosin
## 1306                                               Tricaine mesylate
## 1307                                                        Oxazepam
## 1308                                                         Nadolol
## 1309                                                       Yohimbine
## 1310                                                     Propranolol
## 1311                                                  Cyproheptadine
## 1312                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1313                                                      Fenoprofen
## 1314                                                        Naproxen
## 1315                                                  Mefenamic acid
## 1316                                                      Ketoprofen
## 1317                                                Diethyltoluamide
## 1318                                                      Crotamiton
## 1319                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1320                                                  Clarithromycin
## 1321                                                    Azithromycin
## 1322                                                     Apomorphine
## 1323                                                   Bromocriptine
## 1324                                                      Rotigotine
## 1325                                                     Remoxipride
## 1326                                                      Raclopride
## 1327                                                       Sulpiride
## 1328                                                     Norfloxacin
## 1329                                                    Streptomycin
## 1330                                                         Estrone
## 1331                                34-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
## 1332                                                        Caffeine
## 1333                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1334                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1335                                                      Citalopram
## 1336                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1337                                                     Atomoxetine
## 1338                                                 Methylphenidate
## 1339                                                     Haloperidol
## 1340                                                        Diazepam
## 1341                                                      Flumazenil
## 1342                                                      Zonisamide
## 1343                                                   Levetiracetam
## 1344                                                      Perampanel
## 1345                                                     Lamotrigine
## 1346                                                       Valproate
## 1347                                            Acetylsalicylic acid
## 1348                                                        Morphine
## 1349                                                       Lidocaine
## 1350                                                        Flunixin
## 1351                                                     Paracetamol
## 1352                                                        Oxazepam
## 1353                                              17-beta-trenbolone
## 1354                                                     Apomorphine
## 1355                                                     Aminosidine
## 1356                                                      Bacitracin
## 1357                                                    Erythromycin
## 1358                                                      Lincomycin
## 1359                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1360                                                    Promethazine
## 1361                                                  Levonorgestrel
## 1362                                       Procaine benzylpenicillin
## 1363                                                      Sertraline
## 1364                                                       Cisplatin
## 1365                                                      Citalopram
## 1366                                                     Desipramine
## 1367                                                Chlordiazepoxide
## 1368                                                       Yohimbine
## 1369                                                        Nicotine
## 1370                                                     Gemfibrozil
## 1371                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1372                                                        Naproxen
## 1373                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1374                                                     Bezafibrate
## 1375                                                   Sulfapyridine
## 1376                                                 Oxytetracycline
## 1377                                                      Novobiocin
## 1378                                                Sulfamethoxazole
## 1379                                                   Thrimethoprim
## 1380                                                        Caffeine
## 1381                                                        Nicotine
## 1382                                                     Agomelatine
## 1383                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1384                                                         Lithium
## 1385                                                     Cannabidiol
## 1386                                                      Sildenafil
## 1387                                                      Sertraline
## 1388                                                       Forskolin
## 1389                                                     Haloperidol
## 1390                                                        Caffeine
## 1391                                                      Rimonabant
## 1392                                                    Troglitazone
## 1393                                                      Vorinostat
## 1394                                                     Fenofibrate
## 1395                                                     Simvastatin
## 1396                                                      Guanfacine
## 1397                                                 Trifluoperazine
## 1398                                              Methylprednisolone
## 1399                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1400                                                        Rolipram
## 1401                                                        Deprenyl
## 1402                                                    Dipyridamole
## 1403                                              Estradiol benzoate
## 1404                                                      Decitabine
## 1405                                                        Morphine
## 1406                                                    Testosterone
## 1407                                                     Risperidone
## 1408                                                     Ziprasidone
## 1409                                           Eicosapentaenoic acid
## 1410                                                 Methylphenidate
## 1411                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1412                                                   Rosiglitazone
## 1413                                                   Corticotropin
## 1414                                                  Hydrocortisone
## 1415                                                  Troleandomycin
## 1416                                                     Doxorubicin
## 1417                                                    Ketoconazole
## 1418                                            Sodium nitroprusside
## 1419                                                   Aminophylline
## 1420                                                  Methylene blue
## 1421                                                       Tolcapone
## 1422                                                       Clonidine
## 1423                                                       Modafinil
## 1424                                                       D-glucose
## 1425                                                    Streptozocin
## 1426                                                    Progesterone
## 1427                                                    Deferoxamine
## 1428                                                       Trazodone
## 1429                                                      Paroxetine
## 1430                                                       Betaxolol
## 1431                                               17-beta-estradiol
## 1432                                                         Cocaine
## 1433                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1434                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1435                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1436                                                        Oxazepam
## 1437                                                       Flutamide
## 1438                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1439                                                         Betaine
## 1440                     2-carboxy-ethyl dimethyl sulphonium bromide
## 1441                                                   Inosinic acid
## 1442                                                         Taurine
## 1443                                                Cyclophosphamide
## 1444                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1445                                                       Reserpine
## 1446                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1447                                                      Citalopram
## 1448                                                     Apomorphine
## 1449                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1450                                                        Nicotine
## 1451                                                       Buspirone
## 1452                                                        Diazepam
## 1453                                                        Diazepam
## 1454                                                       Reserpine
## 1455                                                      Suvorexant
## 1456                                                   Amitriptyline
## 1457                                              17-beta-trenbolone
## 1458                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1459                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1460                                                         Cocaine
## 1461                                                 Benzoylecgonine
## 1462                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1463                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1464                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1465                                                       Buspirone
## 1466                                                       Tamoxifen
## 1467                                                      Cetirizine
## 1468                                                      Citalopram
## 1469                                                        Caffeine
## 1470                                                        Atenolol
## 1471                                                      Metoprolol
## 1472                                                    Atorvastatin
## 1473                                                     Bezafibrate
## 1474                                                  Salicylic acid
## 1475                                                  Salicylic acid
## 1476                                                    Prednisolone
## 1477                                                        Fentanyl
## 1478                                                        Fentanyl
## 1479                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1480                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1481                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1482                                                      Gabapentin
## 1483                                                        Oxazepam
## 1484                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1485                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1486                                                       Opicapone
## 1487                                                     Lamotrigine
## 1488                                                       Reserpine
## 1489                                                       Valproate
## 1490                                                        Caffeine
## 1491                                                        Diazepam
## 1492                                                        Diazepam
## 1493                                                      Flumazenil
## 1494                                                       Buspirone
## 1495                                                       Lidocaine
## 1496                                                     Scopolamine
## 1497                                                        Diazepam
## 1498                                                      Flumazenil
## 1499                                                        Diazepam
## 1500                                                    Clomipramine
## 1501                                                      Paroxetine
## 1502                                                       Trazodone
## 1503                                                        Diazepam
## 1504                                                        Caffeine
## 1505                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1506                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1507                                                      Citalopram
## 1508                                                     Mirtazapine
## 1509                                                       Genistein
## 1510                                                        Caffeine
## 1511                                                    Dipyridamole
## 1512                                                       Valproate
## 1513                                                      Sertraline
## 1514                                                    Clotrimazole
## 1515                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1516                                                      Citalopram
## 1517                                                     Mirtazapine
## 1518                                                     Delorazepam
## 1519                                                     Amphetamine
## 1520                                                        Nicotine
## 1521                                                       Oxycodone
## 1522                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1523                                                       Valproate
## 1524                                                      Duloxetine
## 1525                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1526                                               17-beta-estradiol
## 1527                                            Tetrahydrocannabinol
## 1528                                                    Vortioxetine
## 1529                                                     Haloperidol
## 1530                                                   Amitriptyline
## 1531                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1532                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1533                                                     Paracetamol
## 1534                                                      Probenecid
## 1535                                                     Delorazepam
## 1536                                                Sulfamethoxazole
## 1537                                                    Pyrazinamide
## 1538                                                     Clenbuterol
## 1539                                                        Caffeine
## 1540                                                       Mianserin
## 1541                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1542                                                      Sertraline
## 1543                                                      Alprazolam
## 1544                                                       Lorazepam
## 1545                                                         Codeine
## 1546                                                        Morphine
## 1547                                              17-beta-trenbolone
## 1548                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1549                                                    Deferoxamine
## 1550                                                   Roxithromycin
## 1551                                                     Scopolamine
## 1552                                                       Phenytoin
## 1553                                                 Oxytetracycline
## 1554                                                        Caffeine
## 1555                                                       Clozapine
## 1556                                                       Gestodene
## 1557                                                   Amitriptyline
## 1558                                                       Metformin
## 1559                                                     Propranolol
## 1560                                                       Reserpine
## 1561                                                        Diazepam
## 1562                                                      Naltrexone
## 1563                                                       Valproate
## 1564                                                     Scopolamine
## 1565                                                      Diclofenac
## 1566                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1567                                                       Reserpine
## 1568                                                   Norethindrone
## 1569                                                        Diazepam
## 1570                                                        Morphine
## 1571                                                        Naloxone
## 1572                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1573                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1574                                                      Sertraline
## 1575                                                      Paroxetine
## 1576                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1577                                                        Morphine
## 1578                                                    Indomethacin
## 1579                                                         Betaine
## 1580                                                     Haloperidol
## 1581                                                       Buspirone
## 1582                                                        Caffeine
## 1583                                                        Fentanyl
## 1584                                                 Oxytetracycline
## 1585                                                   Ethylestrenol
## 1586                                                  Levonorgestrel
## 1587                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1588                                                        Diazepam
## 1589                                                         Doxepin
## 1590                                                       Diltiazem
## 1591                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1592                                                     Alphaxalone
## 1593                                                       Etomidate
## 1594                                                        Propofol
## 1595                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1596                                                      Citalopram
## 1597                                                      Amiodarone
## 1598                                                        Ramipril
## 1599                                                     Simvastatin
## 1600                                                       Verapamil
## 1601                                                      Diclofenac
## 1602                                               Tricaine mesylate
## 1603                                                        Diazepam
## 1604                                                      Diclofenac
## 1605                                                      Gabapentin
## 1606                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1607                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1608                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1609                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1610                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1611                                                       Efavirenz
## 1612                                                       Valproate
## 1613                                                     Scopolamine
## 1614                                                      Imipramine
## 1615                                                     Galantamine
## 1616                                                   Dexamethasone
## 1617                                                         Estrone
## 1618                                                         Estrone
## 1619                                                       Metformin
## 1620                                                       Metformin
## 1621                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1622                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1623                                                        Oxazepam
## 1624                                                     Paracetamol
## 1625                                                     Paracetamol
## 1626                                                 Methamphetamine
## 1627                                                 Methamphetamine
## 1628                                                 Methamphetamine
## 1629                                                 Methamphetamine
## 1630                                                       25c-nbome
## 1631                                                       25c-nbome
## 1632                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1633                                                   Carbamazepine
## 1634                                                  Terbuthylazine
## 1635                                                  Terbuthylazine
## 1636                                                    Clotrimazole
## 1637                                                    Clotrimazole
## 1638                                                     Terbinafine
## 1639                                                     Terbinafine
## 1640                                                      Bisoprolol
## 1641                                                      Bisoprolol
## 1642                                                       Metformin
## 1643                                                       Metformin
## 1644                                                      Ranitidine
## 1645                                                      Ranitidine
## 1646                                                         Sotalol
## 1647                                                         Sotalol
## 1648                                                        Caffeine
## 1649                                                        Caffeine
## 1650                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1651                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1652                                                   Amitriptyline
## 1653                                                      Sertraline
## 1654                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1655                                                   Amitriptyline
## 1656                                                   Amitriptyline
## 1657                                                    Clomipramine
## 1658                                                    Clomipramine
## 1659                                                      Imipramine
## 1660                                                      Imipramine
## 1661                                                      Diclofenac
## 1662                                                      Diclofenac
## 1663                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1664                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1665                                                      Citalopram
## 1666                                                      Citalopram
## 1667                                                          Phenol
## 1668                                                          Phenol
## 1669                                                        Xylazine
## 1670                                                        Xylazine
## 1671                                                      Sertraline
## 1672                                                      Sertraline
## 1673                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1674                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1675                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1676                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1677                                                        Oxazepam
## 1678                                                        Oxazepam
## 1679                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1680                                       17-alpha-ethinylestradiol
## 1681                                                      Citalopram
## 1682                                                      Citalopram
## 1683                                                      Citalopram
## 1684                                                      Citalopram
## 1685                                                      Citalopram
## 1686                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1687                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1688                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1689                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1690                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1691                                                     Fluvoxamine
## 1692                                                     Fluvoxamine
## 1693                                                     Fluvoxamine
## 1694                                                     Fluvoxamine
## 1695                                                     Fluvoxamine
## 1696                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1697                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1698                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1699                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1700                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1701                                                   Amitriptyline
## 1702                                                       Buspirone
## 1703                                                    Clomipramine
## 1704                                                      Citalopram
## 1705                                                      Citalopram
## 1706                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1707                                                     Venlafaxine
## 1708                                                      Citalopram
## 1709                                                      Citalopram
## 1710                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1711                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1712                                                Cyclophosphamide
## 1713                                                      Metomidate
## 1714                                                      Metomidate
## 1715                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1716                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1717                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1718                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1719                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1720                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1721                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1722                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1723                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1724                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1725                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1726                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1727                                                 Dexmedetomidine
## 1728                                                       Clonidine
## 1729                                                     Epinephrine
## 1730                                                  Norepinephrine
## 1731                                                       Ibuprofen
## 1732                                                      Fluoxetine
## 1733                                                      Sertraline
## 1734                                                  Chlorpromazine
## 1735                                                       Midazolam
## 1736                                                        Caffeine
## 1737                                                Sulfamethoxazole
## 1738                                                     Norfloxacin
## 1739                                                     Butorphanol
## 1740                                                      Ketoprofen
##                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               compound_atc_level_3
## 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n05b anxiolytics
## 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n06a antidepressants
## 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n05b anxiolytics
## 4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n03a antiepileptics
## 5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n06a antidepressants
## 6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n05b anxiolytics
## 7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n06a antidepressants
## 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
## 9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
## 10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens
## 12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n03a antiepileptics
## 17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550];s02a antiinfectives;s03a antiinfectives;s01a antiinfectives
## 21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <NA>
## 24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n05a antipsychotics
## 25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            l01b antimetabolites
## 28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <NA>
## 29                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n05a antipsychotics
## 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n05a antipsychotics
## 32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n05a antipsychotics
## 33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n05a antipsychotics
## 34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n05a antipsychotics
## 35                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 36                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 37                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 39                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 41                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 42                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 43                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <NA>
## 44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <NA>
## 46                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             n03a antiepileptics
## 50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 51                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 52                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 53                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 54                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 55                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 56                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 57                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals
## 58                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 59                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 60                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n07a parasympathomimetics;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 61                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n07a parasympathomimetics
## 62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 63                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  a01a stomatological preparations;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d01a antifungals for topical use
## 64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 65                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 66                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 67                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 68                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 69                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents;a01a stomatological preparations;r01a decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use;d07a corticosteroids, plain;d07x corticosteroids, other combinations;s02b corticosteroids;s03b corticosteroids;s01c antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination;s01b antiinflammatory agents;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 70                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 71                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 72                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n01a anesthetics, general
## 73                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <NA>
## 74                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens
## 75                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 76                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 77                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 78                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 79                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use;g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use
## 81                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <NA>
## 83                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 84                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                l01x other antineoplastic agents
## 85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 86                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n07a parasympathomimetics;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 87                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n07a parasympathomimetics
## 88                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 89                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 90                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 92                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 93                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 94                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 95                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 96                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n05b anxiolytics
## 97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n06a antidepressants
## 98                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n02a opioids
## 100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 101                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n02a opioids;n01a anesthetics, general
## 102                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 104                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 105                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 106                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 108                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 109                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 110                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 111                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 112                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 113                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 114                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 115                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 116                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 117                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 118                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 119                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 120                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 121                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 122                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 123                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550];s02a antiinfectives;s03a antiinfectives;s01a antiinfectives
## 124                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 125                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 126                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 127                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 128                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 129                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 130                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 131                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 132                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 133                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550];s02a antiinfectives;s03a antiinfectives;s01a antiinfectives
## 134                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 135                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 136                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 137                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 138                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens
## 139                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 140                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.
## 141                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 142                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         r07a other respiratory system products
## 143                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 144                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      r06a antihistamines for systemic use;s01g decongestants and antiallergics
## 145                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           r06a antihistamines for systemic use
## 146                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.
## 147                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      r06a antihistamines for systemic use;s01g decongestants and antiallergics
## 148                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           r01a decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use;s01g decongestants and antiallergics
## 149                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 150                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 151                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 152                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals
## 153                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 154                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 155                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 156                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 157                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 158                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 159                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 m03b muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents
## 160                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 161                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 162                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 163                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      j01x other antibacterials
## 164                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                c02c antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting
## 165                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 167                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 168                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 169                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 170                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 171                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 172                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 173                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 174                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 175                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 176                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 177                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 178                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 179                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 181                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 182                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n07b drugs used in addictive disorders;n02a opioids
## 183                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 184                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 185                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 186                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 187                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 188                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 189                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 190                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a04a antiemetics and antinauseants
## 191                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02c antimigraine preparations
## 192                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02c antimigraine preparations
## 193                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 194                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           r06a antihistamines for systemic use
## 195                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            v03a all other therapeutic products
## 196                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 197                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 198                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 199                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 200                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 201                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      p02c antinematodal agents
## 202                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 203                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      p02c antinematodal agents
## 204                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 205                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 206                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 207                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 208                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 209                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             b01a antithrombotic agents;a01a stomatological preparations;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 210                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 211                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals
## 212                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 213                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 214                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 215                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 216                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 217                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 218                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 219                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 220                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 221                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 222                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 223                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 224                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 225                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 226                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 227                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 228                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 229                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 230                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 231                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 232                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 233                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 234                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 235                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 236                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 237                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a04a antiemetics and antinauseants
## 238                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 239                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 240                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 241                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 242                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 243                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      p02c antinematodal agents
## 244                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 245                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      p02c antinematodal agents
## 246                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 247                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          j01d other beta-lactam antibacterials
## 248                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 249                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 250                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 251                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 252                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 253                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 254                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n07a parasympathomimetics;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 255                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 256                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02b antiadrenergic agents, ganglion-blocking
## 257                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 258                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 259                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      g04b urologicals;n04b dopaminergic agents
## 260                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       a02b drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord)
## 261                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.
## 262                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n06d anti-dementia drugs
## 263                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 264                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 265                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 266                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 267                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            v03a all other therapeutic products
## 268                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 269                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 270                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 271                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 272                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 273                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 274                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 275                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 276                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 277                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 278                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 279                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 280                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 281                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 282                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 283                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 284                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 285                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 286                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 287                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 288                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 289                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 290                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 291                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 292                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 293                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 294                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 295                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 296                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 297                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            v03a all other therapeutic products
## 298                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 299                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 300                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 301                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 302                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 303                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 304                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 305                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 306                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 307                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 308                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 309                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 310                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 311                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n06a antidepressants
## 312                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 313                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 314                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 315                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 316                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 317                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 318                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 319                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 320                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 321                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 322                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n02c antimigraine preparations;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics;c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 323                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 324                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g04b urologicals
## 325                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 326                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 327                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 m03b muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents
## 328                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 m03b muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents
## 329                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 330                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 331                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 332                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 333                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            v03a all other therapeutic products
## 334                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           r06a antihistamines for systemic use
## 335                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.
## 336                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.
## 337                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n06a antidepressants
## 338                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 339                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 340                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 341                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 342                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 343                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 344                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 345                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 346                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 347                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 v03a all other therapeutic products;r05c expectorants, excl. combinations with cough suppressants;s01x other ophthalmologicals
## 348                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 349                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 350                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 351                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 352                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 353                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 354                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 355                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 356                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 357                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 358                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 359                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 360                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 361                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 362                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            a16a other alimentary tract and metabolism products
## 363                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 364                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 365                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 366                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 367                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 368                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 369                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 370                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 371                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 372                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 373                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 374                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 375                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 376                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 377                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 378                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 379                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 380                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 381                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 382                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 383                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 384                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 385                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 386                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 387                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 388                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 389                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 390                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 391                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 392                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n07b drugs used in addictive disorders;n02a opioids
## 393                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 394                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 395                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 396                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 397                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 398                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 399                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 400                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 401                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            v03a all other therapeutic products
## 402                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 403                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 404                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 405                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 406                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 407                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 408                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 409                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 410                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 411                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 412                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 c08d selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 413                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 414                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 415                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 416                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 417                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 418                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 419                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 420                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 421                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 422                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 423                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 424                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 425                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 426                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 427                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 428                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 429                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             b01a antithrombotic agents;a01a stomatological preparations;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 430                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 431                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 432                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 433                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 434                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           r06a antihistamines for systemic use
## 435                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 436                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 437                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 438                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 439                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;s01b antiinflammatory agents;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 440                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n06d anti-dementia drugs
## 441                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 442                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 443                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 444                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 445                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 446                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 447                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 448                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 449                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 450                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      r03d other systemic drugs for obstructive airway diseases
## 451                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 452                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 453                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 454                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 455                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 456                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 457                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 458                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 459                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 460                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 461                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 462                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 463                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 464                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 465                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 466                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 467                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           v08a x-ray contrast media, iodinated
## 468                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 469                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 470                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 471                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 472                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 473                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 474                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 475                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 476                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 c08d selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 477                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 478                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550];s01a antiinfectives
## 479                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 480                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 481                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 482                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 483                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 484                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 485                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 486                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 487                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 488                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 489                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 490                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 491                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 492                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 493                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.
## 494                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 495                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 496                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 497                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 498                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 499                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 500                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 501                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           r06a antihistamines for systemic use
## 502                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 503                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 504                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 505                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 l01e protein kinase inhibitors
## 506                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 507                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 508                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 509                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 510                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02b antiadrenergic agents, ganglion-blocking
## 511                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 512                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n07b drugs used in addictive disorders;s01x other ophthalmologicals
## 513                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                p03a ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides;n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 514                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      g04b urologicals;n04b dopaminergic agents
## 515                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics;c07a beta blocking agents
## 516                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 m03b muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents
## 517                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 518                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 519                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 520                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 521                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 522                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 m03b muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents
## 523                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 524                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 525                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 526                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 527                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 c08d selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 528                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 529                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 530                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 531                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 532                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 533                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 534                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 535                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 536                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 537                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 538                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 539                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 540                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 541                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 542                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 543                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 544                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n01b anesthetics, local
## 545                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 546                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 547                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 548                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 549                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 550                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 551                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 552                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 553                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 554                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 555                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 556                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 557                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 558                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 559                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use;g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use
## 560                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 561                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 562                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 563                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   c02k other antihypertensives
## 564                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 565                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 566                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 567                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 568                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 569                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 570                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 571                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 572                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 573                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 574                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 575                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 576                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 577                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 578                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 579                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 580                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 581                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 582                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 583                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          a01a stomatological preparations;j01a tetracyclines;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d06a antibiotics for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 584                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 585                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 586                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 v03a all other therapeutic products;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 587                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 588                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 589                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 590                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 591                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim;j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 592                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 593                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 594                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 595                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 596                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 597                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 598                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 599                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 600                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 601                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 602                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 603                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 604                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            v03a all other therapeutic products
## 605                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 606                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 607                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 608                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 609                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 610                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 611                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 612                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a04a antiemetics and antinauseants
## 613                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 614                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 616                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 617                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 618                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 619                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 620  a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents;a01a stomatological preparations;d07a corticosteroids, plain;d07x corticosteroids, other combinations;s02b corticosteroids;s01c antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination;s01b antiinflammatory agents;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents;a01a stomatological preparations;d07a corticosteroids, plain;d07x corticosteroids, other combinations;s02b corticosteroids;s01c antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination;s01b antiinflammatory agents;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 621                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 622                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 623                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 624                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 625                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                c03d aldosterone antagonists and other potassium-sparing agents
## 626                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 627                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 628                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 629                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 630                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 631                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          a01a stomatological preparations;j01a tetracyclines;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d06a antibiotics for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 632                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 633                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 634                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 635                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 636                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 637                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 638                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 639                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 640                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 641                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 642                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 643                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 644                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 645                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 646                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 647                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 648                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 649                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 650                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 651                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 652                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 653                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 654                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 655                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 656                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 657                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 658                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 659                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 660                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 661                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 662                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n06a antidepressants
## 663                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 664                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 665                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n04b dopaminergic agents
## 666                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 667                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 668                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 669                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 670                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 671                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 672                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 673                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 674                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 675                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 676                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 677                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 678                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 679                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n04b dopaminergic agents
## 680                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 681                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 682                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 683                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 684                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 685                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         g04c drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy;d11a other dermatological preparations
## 686                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 687                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 688                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 689                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 690                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 691                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 692                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 693                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 694                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 695                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 696                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 697                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 698                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 699                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 700                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 701                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 702                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 703                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 704                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 705                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 706                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 707                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 708                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 709                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 710                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 711                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 712                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 713                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 714                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 715                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 716                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           l04a immunosuppressants;s01x other ophthalmologicals
## 717                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 718                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        a03b belladonna and derivatives, plain;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 719                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 720                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 721                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use;g03d progestogens
## 722                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 723                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 724                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 725                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 726                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 727                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 728                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 729                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 730                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 731                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 732                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               v03a all other therapeutic products;v04c other diagnostic agents
## 733                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 734                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                c01e other cardiac preparations
## 735                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                c03d aldosterone antagonists and other potassium-sparing agents
## 736                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids
## 737                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 738                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 739                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 741                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 742                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               j01f macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins;d10a anti-acne preparations for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 743                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   h02c antiadrenal preparations;j02a antimycotics for systemic use;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d01a antifungals for topical use;h02c antiadrenal preparations
## 744                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 745                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 746                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 747                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c09c angiotensin ii receptor blockers (arbs), plain
## 748                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 749                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 750                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 751                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 752                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 753                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 754                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 755                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 756                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a08a antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products
## 757                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 758                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                c02d arteriolar smooth muscle, agents acting on
## 759                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c08d selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects
## 760                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 761                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 762                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 763                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 764                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 765                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 766                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 767                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 768                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 769                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 770                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      g03e androgens and female sex hormones in combination;g03b androgens;g03e androgens and female sex hormones in combination;g03b androgens
## 771                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  d01a antifungals for topical use;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 772                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 773                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 m03b muscle relaxants, centrally acting agents
## 774                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 775                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 776                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 777                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 778                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 779                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 780                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 781                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 782                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 783                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 784                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 785                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 786                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 787                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 788                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 789                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 790                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 791                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 792                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 793                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     b01a antithrombotic agents
## 794                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 795                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   c02k other antihypertensives
## 796                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a04a antiemetics and antinauseants
## 797                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 798                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 799                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 800                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 801                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 802                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 803                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 804                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 805                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 806                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 807                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 808                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 809                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 810                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 811                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 812                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 813                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 814                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 815                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 816                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 817                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 818                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 819                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 820                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 821                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 822                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               j01f macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins
## 823                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 824                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  r02a throat preparations;d02b protectives against uv-radiation;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 825                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 826                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 827                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 828                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 829                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens
## 830                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 831                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 832                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 833                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 834                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 835                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 836                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 837                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 838                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 839                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain
## 840                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 841                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 842                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 843                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 844                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 845                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 846                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n01a anesthetics, general
## 847                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 848                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 849                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 850                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 851                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 852                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a04a antiemetics and antinauseants
## 853                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 854                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 855                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 856                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 857                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 858                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 859                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 860                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 861                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 862                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 863                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 864                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 865                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 866                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 867                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             b01a antithrombotic agents;a01a stomatological preparations;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 868                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   j01c beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins
## 869                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          c03a low-ceiling diuretics, thiazides
## 870                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    c03c high-ceiling diuretics
## 871                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 872                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 873                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        c01a cardiac glycosides
## 874                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           c08c selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects
## 875                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 876                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 877                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 878                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 879                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 880                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 881                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 882                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 883                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 884                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.
## 885                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 886                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                l01c plant alkaloids and other natural products
## 887                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               l01x other antineoplastic agents
## 888                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 889                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 890                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 891                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 892                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 893                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 894                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 895                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 896                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 897                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 898                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 899                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 900                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 901                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       a02b drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord)
## 902                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 903                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 904                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 905                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c08d selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects
## 906                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550];s02a antiinfectives;s03a antiinfectives;s01a antiinfectives
## 907                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 908                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550];s01a antiinfectives
## 909                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 910                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       a01a stomatological preparations;j01a tetracyclines;d06a antibiotics for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 911                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            a01a stomatological preparations;j01a tetracyclines
## 912                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      g04b urologicals;n04b dopaminergic agents
## 913                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 914                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 915                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n02a opioids
## 916                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 917                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02c antimigraine preparations
## 918                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 919                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.
## 920                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 921                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 922                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 923                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 924                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 925                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       a02b drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord)
## 926                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 927                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 928                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 929                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 930                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 931                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 932                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 933                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 934                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 935                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 936                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n05a antipsychotics
## 937                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 938                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 939                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 940                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 941                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 942                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 v03a all other therapeutic products;r05c expectorants, excl. combinations with cough suppressants;s01x other ophthalmologicals
## 943                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 944                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02b antiadrenergic agents, ganglion-blocking
## 945                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 946                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 947                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 948                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 949                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n07a parasympathomimetics;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 950                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 951                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n06d anti-dementia drugs
## 952                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 953                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 954                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 955                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 956                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 957                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 958                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 959                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 960                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 961                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03b androgens
## 962                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 963  a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents;a01a stomatological preparations;d07a corticosteroids, plain;d07x corticosteroids, other combinations;s02b corticosteroids;s01c antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination;s01b antiinflammatory agents;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents;a01a stomatological preparations;d07a corticosteroids, plain;d07x corticosteroids, other combinations;s02b corticosteroids;s01c antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination;s01b antiinflammatory agents;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 964                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   g03x other sex hormones and modulators of the genital system
## 965                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 966                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 967                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 968                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  h03b antithyroid preparations
## 969                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 970                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          a14a anabolic steroids;g03b androgens
## 971                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 972                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 973                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 974                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 975                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 976                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            n03a antiepileptics
## 977                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      c07a beta blocking agents
## 978                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 979                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 980                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 981                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 982                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 983                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 984                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 985                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 986                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 987                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 988                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 989                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 990                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use
## 991                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 992                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <NA>
## 993                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 994                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 995                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 996                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 997                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               n05b anxiolytics
## 998                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 999                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n06a antidepressants
## 1000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1001                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1002                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1003                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1004                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                r03c adrenergics for systemic use;r03a adrenergics, inhalants;c01c cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
## 1005                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1006                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   r01b nasal decongestants for systemic use;r01a decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use;s01g decongestants and antiallergics;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01c cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
## 1007                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     g04b urologicals;n04b dopaminergic agents
## 1008                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1009                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       a03b belladonna and derivatives, plain;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 1010                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 c02b antiadrenergic agents, ganglion-blocking
## 1011                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1012                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1013                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1014                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 1015                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1016                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1017                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1018                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1019                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1020                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1021                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1022                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              c01c cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
## 1023                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 1024                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1025                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1026                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1027                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1028                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1029                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1030                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1031                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1032                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1033                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1034                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1035                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1036                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1037                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 1038                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1039                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1040                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1041                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1042                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1043                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1044                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1045                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1046                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1047                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1048                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            b01a antithrombotic agents;a01a stomatological preparations;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1049                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1050                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1051                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1052                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1053                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1054                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1055                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1056                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1057                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1058                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1059                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1060                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1061                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1062                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1063                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1064                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1065                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1066                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1067                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim;j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 1068                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1069                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1070                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1071                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1072                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1073                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1074                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 1075                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1076                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1077                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1078                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1079                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 1080                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1081                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1082                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            b01a antithrombotic agents;a01a stomatological preparations;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1083                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 1084                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1085                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1086                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 1087                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1088                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 1089                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              j01f macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins;d10a anti-acne preparations for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 1090                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1091                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   c03c high-ceiling diuretics
## 1092                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 1093                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1094                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;s02a antiinfectives
## 1095                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1096                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1097                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1098                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1099                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids
## 1101                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1102                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 1103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1104                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1105                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1106                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              j01f macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins
## 1107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1108                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim;j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 1109                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1110                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1111                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             g03d progestogens
## 1112                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1113                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1114                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1115                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1116                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 1117                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1118                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1119                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                c08d selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 1120                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1121                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02k other antihypertensives
## 1122                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1123                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;n01b anesthetics, local
## 1124                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 1125                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1126                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1127                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               c03d aldosterone antagonists and other potassium-sparing agents
## 1128                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1129                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1130                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1131                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1132                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1133                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1134                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1135                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1136                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                v03a all other therapeutic products;r05c expectorants, excl. combinations with cough suppressants;s01x other ophthalmologicals
## 1137                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1138                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1139                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1140                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1141                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1142                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1143                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1144                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                n02c antimigraine preparations
## 1145                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            a04a antiemetics and antinauseants
## 1146                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          r06a antihistamines for systemic use
## 1147                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1148                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1149                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1150                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 1151                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1152                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1153                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1154                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1155                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1156                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1157                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1158                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1159                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1160                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1161                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1162                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1163                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1164                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1165                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 1166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1167                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            b01a antithrombotic agents;a01a stomatological preparations;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1168                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1169                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1170                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1171                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1172                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 1173                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 1174                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n01b anesthetics, local
## 1175                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1176                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1177                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1178                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1179                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                l01e protein kinase inhibitors
## 1180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1181                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     g03e androgens and female sex hormones in combination;g03b androgens;g03e androgens and female sex hormones in combination;g03b androgens
## 1182                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1183                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1184                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1185                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1186                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1187                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1188                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1189                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1190                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1191                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1192                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   a06a drugs for constipation
## 1193                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1194                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1195                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1196                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1197                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1198                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1199                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            a04a antiemetics and antinauseants
## 1200                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1201                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1202                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             g03d progestogens
## 1203                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use;g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use
## 1204                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1205                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1206                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1207                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1208                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1209                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  v04c other diagnostic agents
## 1210                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1211                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1212                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1213                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1214                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1215                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1216                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            a04a antiemetics and antinauseants
## 1217                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1218                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1219                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1220                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1221                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 1222                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1223                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      a02b drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord)
## 1224                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1225                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1226                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1227                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1228                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1229                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1230                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1231                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         j01d other beta-lactam antibacterials
## 1232                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1233                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1234                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1235                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                r03c adrenergics for systemic use;r03a adrenergics, inhalants;c01c cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
## 1236                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     g04b urologicals;n04b dopaminergic agents
## 1237                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1238                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1239                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1240                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1241                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids
## 1242                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1243                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                v03a all other therapeutic products;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
## 1244                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1245                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1246                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           v03a all other therapeutic products
## 1247                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1248                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1249                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1250                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1251                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1252                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1253                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1254                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1255                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1256                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1257                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n04b dopaminergic agents
## 1258                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1259                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1260                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1261                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1262                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1263                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1264                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1265                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      d05a antipsoriatics for topical use;d05b antipsoriatics for systemic use
## 1266                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1267                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1268                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1269                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1270                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550];s02a antiinfectives;s03a antiinfectives;s01a antiinfectives
## 1271                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1272                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                r03c adrenergics for systemic use;r03a adrenergics, inhalants;c01c cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
## 1273                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1274                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1275                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1276                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1277                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1278                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1279                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1280                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1281                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             g03d progestogens
## 1282                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1283                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1284                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1285                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1286                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1287                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1288                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1289                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1290                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use;g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use
## 1291                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1292                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1293                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1294                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1295                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a03f propulsives
## 1296                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1297                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    a01a stomatological preparations;p01a agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases;j01x other antibacterials;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d06b chemotherapeutics for topical use
## 1298                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1299                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550]
## 1300                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         a01a stomatological preparations;j01a tetracyclines;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d06a antibiotics for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 1301                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a07a intestinal antiinfectives;j01g aminoglycoside antibacterials [dg:dg01447]
## 1302                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 1303                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a01a stomatological preparations;j01a tetracyclines;d06a antibiotics for topical use;s02a antiinfectives;s03a antiinfectives;s01a antiinfectives
## 1304                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1305                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1306                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1307                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1308                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1309                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              g04b urologicals
## 1310                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1311                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          r06a antihistamines for systemic use
## 1312                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1313                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids
## 1314                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals
## 1315                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids
## 1316                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids
## 1317                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              p03b insecticides and repellents
## 1318                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1319                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1320                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              j01f macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins
## 1321                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1322                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     g04b urologicals;n04b dopaminergic agents
## 1323                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            g02c other gynecologicals;n04b dopaminergic agents
## 1324                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n04b dopaminergic agents
## 1325                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1326                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1327                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1328                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550];s01a antiinfectives
## 1329                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a07a intestinal antiinfectives;j01g aminoglycoside antibacterials [dg:dg01447]
## 1330                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens
## 1331                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1332                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1333                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1334                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1335                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1336                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1337                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1338                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1339                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1340                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1341                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           v03a all other therapeutic products
## 1342                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1343                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1344                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1345                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1346                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1347                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            b01a antithrombotic agents;a01a stomatological preparations;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1348                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1349                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 1350                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1351                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1352                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1353                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1354                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     g04b urologicals;n04b dopaminergic agents
## 1355                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a07a intestinal antiinfectives
## 1356                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1357                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              j01f macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins;d10a anti-acne preparations for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 1358                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              j01f macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins
## 1359                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1360                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              r06a antihistamines for systemic use;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.
## 1361                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use;g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use
## 1362                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1363                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1364                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              l01x other antineoplastic agents
## 1365                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1366                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1367                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1368                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              g04b urologicals
## 1369                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1370                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1371                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1372                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals
## 1373                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1374                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1375                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 1376                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         a01a stomatological preparations;j01a tetracyclines;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d06a antibiotics for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 1377                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1378                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 1379                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 1380                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1381                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1382                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1383                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1384                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1385                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1386                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              g04b urologicals
## 1387                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1388                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1389                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1390                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1391                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            a08a antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products
## 1392                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 1393                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              l01x other antineoplastic agents
## 1394                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1395                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1396                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 1397                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1398                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          d07a corticosteroids, plain;d10a anti-acne preparations for topical use;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain
## 1399                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1400                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1401                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1402                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    b01a antithrombotic agents
## 1403                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1404                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          l01b antimetabolites
## 1405                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1406                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03b androgens
## 1407                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1408                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1409                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1410                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1411                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1412                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 1413                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1414 a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents;a01a stomatological preparations;d07a corticosteroids, plain;d07x corticosteroids, other combinations;s02b corticosteroids;s01c antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination;s01b antiinflammatory agents;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents;a01a stomatological preparations;d07a corticosteroids, plain;d07x corticosteroids, other combinations;s02b corticosteroids;s01c antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination;s01b antiinflammatory agents;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 1415                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              j01f macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins
## 1416                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             l01d cytotoxic antibiotics and related substances
## 1417                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  h02c antiadrenal preparations;j02a antimycotics for systemic use;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d01a antifungals for topical use;h02c antiadrenal preparations
## 1418                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               c02d arteriolar smooth muscle, agents acting on
## 1419                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     r03d other systemic drugs for obstructive airway diseases
## 1420                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              v03a all other therapeutic products;v04c other diagnostic agents
## 1421                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n04b dopaminergic agents
## 1422                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n02c antimigraine preparations;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics;c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 1423                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1424                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   b05c irrigating solutions;v06d other nutrients;v04c other diagnostic agents
## 1425                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        l01a alkylating agents
## 1426                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             g03d progestogens
## 1427                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           v03a all other therapeutic products
## 1428                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1429                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1430                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics;c07a beta blocking agents
## 1431                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1432                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1433                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1434                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1435                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1436                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1437                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 1438                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1439                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           a16a other alimentary tract and metabolism products
## 1440                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1441                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1442                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1443                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        l01a alkylating agents
## 1444                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1445                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 1446                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1447                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1448                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     g04b urologicals;n04b dopaminergic agents
## 1449                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1450                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1451                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1452                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1453                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1454                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 1455                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 1456                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1457                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1458                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1459                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1460                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1461                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1462                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1463                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1464                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1465                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1466                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   l02b hormone antagonists and related agents
## 1467                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     r06a antihistamines for systemic use;s01g decongestants and antiallergics
## 1468                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1469                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1470                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1471                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1472                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1473                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1474                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 d01a antifungals for topical use;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 1475                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 d01a antifungals for topical use;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 1476                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents;a01a stomatological preparations;r01a decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use;d07a corticosteroids, plain;d07x corticosteroids, other combinations;s02b corticosteroids;s03b corticosteroids;s01c antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination;s01b antiinflammatory agents;h02a corticosteroids for systemic use, plain;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 1477                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n02a opioids;n01a anesthetics, general
## 1478                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n02a opioids;n01a anesthetics, general
## 1479                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1480                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1481                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1482                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1483                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1484                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1485                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1486                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1487                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1488                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 1489                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1490                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1491                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1492                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1493                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           v03a all other therapeutic products
## 1494                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1495                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   r02a throat preparations;d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n01b anesthetics, local;s02d other otologicals;s01h local anesthetics;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use;c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 1496                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 1497                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1498                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           v03a all other therapeutic products
## 1499                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1500                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1501                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1502                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1503                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1504                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1505                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1506                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1507                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1508                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1509                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1510                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1511                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    b01a antithrombotic agents
## 1512                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1513                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1514                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a01a stomatological preparations;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d01a antifungals for topical use
## 1515                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1516                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1517                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1518                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1519                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1520                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1521                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1522                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1523                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1524                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1525                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1526                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 g03c estrogens;g03c estrogens
## 1527                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            a04a antiemetics and antinauseants
## 1528                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1529                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1530                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1531                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1532                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1533                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1534                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    m04a antigout preparations
## 1535                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1536                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 1537                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      j04a drugs for treatment of tuberculosis
## 1538                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             r03c adrenergics for systemic use
## 1539                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1540                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1541                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1542                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1543                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1544                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1545                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 r05d cough suppressants, excl. combinations with expectorants
## 1546                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1547                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1548                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1549                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           v03a all other therapeutic products
## 1550                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              j01f macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins
## 1551                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 1552                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1553                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         a01a stomatological preparations;j01a tetracyclines;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d06a antibiotics for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 1554                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1555                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1556                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1557                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1558                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 1559                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1560                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 1561                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1562                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n07b drugs used in addictive disorders
## 1563                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1564                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 1565                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 1566                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1567                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 1568                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use;g03d progestogens
## 1569                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1570                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1571                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               a06a drugs for constipation;v03a all other therapeutic products
## 1572                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1573                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1574                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1575                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1576                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1577                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1578                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;s01b antiinflammatory agents;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1579                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           a16a other alimentary tract and metabolism products
## 1580                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1581                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1582                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1583                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n02a opioids;n01a anesthetics, general
## 1584                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         a01a stomatological preparations;j01a tetracyclines;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d06a antibiotics for topical use;s01a antiinfectives
## 1585                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        a14a anabolic steroids
## 1586                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use;g03a hormonal contraceptives for systemic use
## 1587                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1588                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1589                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              d04a antipruritics, incl. antihistamines, anesthetics, etc.;n06a antidepressants
## 1590                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                c08d selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects;c05a agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
## 1591                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1592                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1593                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1594                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     n01a anesthetics, general
## 1595                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1596                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1597                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         c01b antiarrhythmics, class i and iii
## 1598                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    c09a ace inhibitors, plain
## 1599                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            c10a lipid modifying agents, plain
## 1600                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           c08d selective calcium channel blockers with direct cardiac effects
## 1601                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 1602                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1603                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1604                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 1605                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1606                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1607                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1608                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1609                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1610                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1611                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 j05a direct acting antivirals
## 1612                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics;n03a antiepileptics
## 1613                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a04a antiemetics and antinauseants;n05c hypnotics and sedatives;s01f mydriatics and cycloplegics
## 1614                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1615                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      n06d anti-dementia drugs
## 1616                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a01a stomatological preparations
## 1617                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens
## 1618                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                g03c estrogens
## 1619                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 1620                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 1621                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1622                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1623                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1624                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1625                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 n02b other analgesics and antipyretics;n02b other analgesics and antipyretics
## 1626                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1627                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1628                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1629                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1630                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1631                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1632                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1633                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n03a antiepileptics
## 1634                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1635                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1636                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a01a stomatological preparations;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d01a antifungals for topical use
## 1637                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                a01a stomatological preparations;g01a antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids;d01a antifungals for topical use
## 1638                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            d01b antifungals for systemic use;d01a antifungals for topical use
## 1639                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            d01b antifungals for systemic use;d01a antifungals for topical use
## 1640                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1641                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1642                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 1643                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
## 1644                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      a02b drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord)
## 1645                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      a02b drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord)
## 1646                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1647                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     c07a beta blocking agents
## 1648                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1649                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1650                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1651                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1652                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1653                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1654                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1655                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1656                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1657                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1658                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1659                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1660                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1661                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 1662                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;d11a other dermatological preparations;s01b antiinflammatory agents
## 1663                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1664                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1665                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1666                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1667                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 r02a throat preparations;d08a antiseptics and disinfectants;n01b anesthetics, local;c05b antivaricose therapy
## 1668                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 r02a throat preparations;d08a antiseptics and disinfectants;n01b anesthetics, local;c05b antivaricose therapy
## 1669                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1670                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1671                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1672                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1673                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1674                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1675                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1676                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1677                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1678                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1679                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1680                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               g03c estrogens;l02a hormones and related agents
## 1681                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1682                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1683                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1684                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1685                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1686                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1687                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1688                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1689                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1690                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1691                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1692                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1693                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1694                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1695                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1696                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1697                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1698                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1699                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1700                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1701                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1702                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              n05b anxiolytics
## 1703                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1704                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1705                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1706                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1707                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1708                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1709                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1710                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1711                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1712                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        l01a alkylating agents
## 1713                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1714                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <NA>
## 1715                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1716                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1717                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1718                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1719                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1720                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1721                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1722                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1723                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1724                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1725                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1726                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1727                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 1728                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        n02c antimigraine preparations;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics;c02a antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting
## 1729                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 b02b vitamin k and other hemostatics;a01a stomatological preparations;r03a adrenergics, inhalants;r01a decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use;s01e antiglaucoma preparations and miotics;c01c cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
## 1730                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              c01c cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
## 1731                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids;g02c other gynecologicals;r02a throat preparations;c01e other cardiac preparations
## 1732                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1733                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          n06a antidepressants
## 1734                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           n05a antipsychotics
## 1735                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n05c hypnotics and sedatives
## 1736                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             d11a other dermatological preparations;n06b psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics
## 1737                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            j01e sulfonamides and trimethoprim
## 1738                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                j01m quinolone antibacterials [dg:dg01550];s01a antiinfectives
## 1739                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  n02a opioids
## 1740                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              m02a topical products for joint and muscular pain;m01a antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids
##                            species_name  species_class       behav_cat
## 1                           Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 2                    Lampsilis fasciola       Bivalvia        Movement
## 3                           Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 4                           Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 5                           Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 6                           Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 7                           Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 8                           Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 9                           Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 10                  Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 11                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 12                    Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 13                  Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 14                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 15               Nothobranchius furzeri Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 16                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 17                  Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 18               Apostichopus japonicus  Holothuroidea        Movement
## 19                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 20                   Corbicula fluminea       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 21                   Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii          Mating
## 22                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 23                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 24                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 25                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 26                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 27                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 28                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 29                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 30                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 31                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 32                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 33                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 34                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 35                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 36                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 37                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 38                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 39                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 40                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 41                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 42                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 43                  Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 44                  Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 45                    Tritonia diomedea     Gastropoda        Movement
## 46                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 47                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 48                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 49                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 50                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 51                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 52                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 53                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 54                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 55                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 56                 Saccostrea glomerata       Bivalvia        Movement
## 57                     Faxonius virilis   Malacostraca       Agression
## 58                  Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 59                        Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Boldness
## 60                     Lepomis gibbosus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 61                     Lepomis gibbosus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 62                  Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 63                   Clarias gariepinus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 64               Pomatoschistus minutus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 65                      Betta splendens Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 66                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 67                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 68               Pomatoschistus microps Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 69                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 70                 Labroides dimidiatus Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 71                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 72                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 73                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 74                  Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 75                  Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 76                  Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 77                      Betta splendens Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 78                        Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 79                        Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 80                  Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 81                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 82                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 83                         Salmo trutta Actinopterygii        Movement
## 84                 Hediste diversicolor     Polychaeta Not categorised
## 85                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 86                        Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 87                        Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 88                  Sclerophrys arabica       Amphibia    Antipredator
## 89                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 90                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 91                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Agression
## 92                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 93                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 94                      Betta splendens Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 95                       Xenopus laevis       Amphibia Not categorised
## 96                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 97                      Betta splendens Actinopterygii       Agression
## 98                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 99                          Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 100                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 101                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 102                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 103                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 104                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 105                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 106                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 107                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 108                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 109                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 110                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 111                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 112                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 113  Morone saxatilis x morone chrysops Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 114                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 115                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 116                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 117                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 118                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 119                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 120                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 121               Fundulus heteroclitus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 122                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 123                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 124                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 125                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 126                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 127                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 128                  Homarus americanus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 129                  Homarus americanus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 130                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 131                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 132                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 133                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 134                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii          Mating
## 135                  Syngnathus abaster Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 136                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 137                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 138                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 139                        Salmo trutta Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 140               Coenagrion hastulatum        Insecta    Antipredator
## 141         Microsternarchus bilineatus Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 142         Microsternarchus bilineatus Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 143         Microsternarchus bilineatus Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 144                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 145                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 146                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 147                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 148                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 149                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 150                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 151                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 152                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 153                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 154                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 155                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 156                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 157                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 158                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 159                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 160                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 161                  Astyanax mexicanus Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 162                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 163                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 164                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 165                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 166                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 167                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 168                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 169                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 170                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 171                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 172                    Lepomis gibbosus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 173                    Lepomis gibbosus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 174                    Lepomis gibbosus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 175                Amphiprion ocellaris Actinopterygii       Agression
## 176              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 177                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 178                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 179                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 180                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 181                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 182                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 183                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 184              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 185                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 186                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 187                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 188                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 189                   Sepia officinalis    Cephalopoda Not categorised
## 190                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 191                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 192                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 193                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 194                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 195                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 196                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 197                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 198                        Gammarus spp   Malacostraca        Foraging
## 199                        Gammarus spp   Malacostraca        Movement
## 200                  Xenopus tropicalis       Amphibia          Mating
## 201                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 202                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 203                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 204                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 205                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 206                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 207                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 208                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 209                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 210                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 211                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 212                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 213                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 214                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 215                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 216                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 217                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 218                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 219                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 220                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 221                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 222                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 223                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 224                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 225                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 226                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 227                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 228                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 229                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 230                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 231                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii       Agression
## 232                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 233                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 234                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 235                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 236              Schmidtea mediterranea  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 237                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 238                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 239                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 240                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 241                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 242                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 243                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 244                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 245                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 246                         Salmo salar Actinopterygii        Movement
## 247              Pomatoschistus microps Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 248                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 249                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 250                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 251                      Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca        Movement
## 252                      Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 253                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 254                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 255                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 256                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 257                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 258                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 259                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 260                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 261                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 262                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 263                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 264                   Sepia officinalis    Cephalopoda        Foraging
## 265                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Movement
## 266                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii          Mating
## 267                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 268                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 269                  Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 270              Echinogammarus marinus   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 271              Echinogammarus marinus   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 272             Leporinus macrocephalus Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 273                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 274                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 275                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 276                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 277                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 278                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 279                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 280                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 281                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 282                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii          Mating
## 283                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 284                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 285                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 286                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 287                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 288                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 289                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 290              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 291                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 292                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 293                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 294                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 295                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 296                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 297                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 298                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 299                      Radix balthica     Gastropoda        Movement
## 300                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 301                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 302                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 303                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 304                  Lampsilis fasciola       Bivalvia        Movement
## 305                 Diacyclops belgicus       Copepoda        Movement
## 306                        Salmo trutta Actinopterygii        Movement
## 307                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii        Movement
## 308            Pacifastacus leniusculus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 309              Schmidtea mediterranea  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 310              Schmidtea mediterranea  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 311                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 312                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 313                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 314                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 315                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 316                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 317                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 318                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 319                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 320                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 321                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 322                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 323                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 324                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 325                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 326                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 327                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 328                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 329                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 330                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 331                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 332                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 333                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 334                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 335                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 336                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 337                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 338                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 339               Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 340               Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 341               Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 342               Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 343              Procambarus virginalis   Malacostraca        Movement
## 344              Procambarus virginalis   Malacostraca        Movement
## 345                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 346                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 347                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 348                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 349                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 350                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 351                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 352                      Radix balthica     Gastropoda        Movement
## 353                Labroides dimidiatus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 354                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 355                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 356                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 357                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 358                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 359                        Opsanus beta Actinopterygii       Agression
## 360                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 361                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 362           Orthopristis chrysopterus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 363                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 364                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 365           Mytilus galloprovincialis       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 366           Mytilus galloprovincialis       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 367                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 368                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 369                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 370                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 371                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 372                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 373                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 374                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 375                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 376                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 377                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 378                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 379                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 380                 Clonorchis sinensis      Trematoda        Movement
## 381                 Clonorchis sinensis      Trematoda        Movement
## 382                 Clonorchis sinensis      Trematoda        Movement
## 383                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 384                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 385                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 386                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 387              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 388                 Syngnathus scovelli Actinopterygii          Mating
## 389                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 390                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Movement
## 391                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Movement
## 392                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Movement
## 393               Branchipodopsis wolfi   Branchiopoda        Boldness
## 394              Neogobius melanostomus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 395                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 396                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 397                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 398                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 399                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 400                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 401                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 402                     Diplodus sargus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 403               Jenynsia multidentata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 404                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 405              Procambarus virginalis   Malacostraca        Movement
## 406              Procambarus virginalis   Malacostraca        Movement
## 407                         Daphnia spp   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 408                      Xenopus laevis       Amphibia       Cognition
## 409                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 410              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 411                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 412                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 413                      Xenopus laevis       Amphibia        Movement
## 414                      Xenopus laevis       Amphibia        Movement
## 415                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 416                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 417                  Astyanax mexicanus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 418               Biomphalaria glabrata     Gastropoda          Mating
## 419               Biomphalaria glabrata     Gastropoda          Mating
## 420               Biomphalaria glabrata     Gastropoda          Mating
## 421               Biomphalaria glabrata     Gastropoda          Mating
## 422                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 423                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 424                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 425                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 426                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 427                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 428                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii          Mating
## 429                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 430                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 431                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 432                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 433                       Zygoptera spp        Insecta        Movement
## 434                       Zygoptera spp        Insecta        Movement
## 435                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii          Mating
## 436                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 437                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 438                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 439                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 440                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 441                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 442                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 443                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 444              Nothobranchius furzeri Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 445                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 446                       Stenonema spp        Insecta        Movement
## 447                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 448                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 449                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 450                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 451                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 452                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 453                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 454                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 455                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 456                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 457                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 458                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 459                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 460                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 461                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 462                  Argyrosomus regius Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 463                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 464                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 465                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Movement
## 466               Lampsilis siliquoidea       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 467               Lampsilis siliquoidea       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 468               Lampsilis siliquoidea       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 469                        Salmo trutta Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 470                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 471                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii        Movement
## 472                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 473                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 474                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 475                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 476                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Movement
## 477                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 478               Lampsilis siliquoidea       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 479               Lampsilis siliquoidea       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 480                Hediste diversicolor     Polychaeta        Foraging
## 481            Pacifastacus leniusculus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 482                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii          Mating
## 483                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 484                Colossoma macropomum Actinopterygii        Movement
## 485                Colossoma macropomum Actinopterygii        Movement
## 486                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 487                   Lymnaea stagnalis     Gastropoda       Cognition
## 488              Echinogammarus marinus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 489              Echinogammarus marinus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 490              Echinogammarus marinus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 491                  Corbicula fluminea       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 492                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 493                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 494                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 495                    Gambusia affinis Actinopterygii       Agression
## 496                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 497                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 498                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 499                     Physa elliptica     Gastropoda        Movement
## 500                     Physa elliptica     Gastropoda        Movement
## 501                     Physa elliptica     Gastropoda        Movement
## 502                     Physa elliptica     Gastropoda        Movement
## 503                     Physa elliptica     Gastropoda        Movement
## 504                     Physa elliptica     Gastropoda        Movement
## 505                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 506                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 507                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 508                        Salmo trutta Actinopterygii        Movement
## 509                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 510                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 511                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 512                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 513                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 514                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 515                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 516                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 517                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 518                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 519                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 520                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 521                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 522                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 523                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 524                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 525                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 526                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 527                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 528                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 529                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 530                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 531                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 532                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 533                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 534                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii        Movement
## 535                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 536                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii        Movement
## 537               Jenynsia multidentata Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 538                        Salmo trutta Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 539                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 540              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 541                  Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 542                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 543                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 544                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 545                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 546                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 547                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 548                 Procambarus clarkii   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 549                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 550                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 551                         Salmo salar Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 552                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii       Agression
## 553                   Squalius cephalus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 554                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 555                 Neohelice granulata   Malacostraca       Cognition
## 556                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 557                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 558                    Gambusia affinis Actinopterygii        Movement
## 559                  Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii          Mating
## 560                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 561                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Agression
## 562                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 563                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 564                           Bufo bufo       Amphibia        Movement
## 565                           Bufo bufo       Amphibia        Movement
## 566                      Xenopus laevis       Amphibia          Mating
## 567                      Xenopus laevis       Amphibia          Mating
## 568                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 569                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 570                  Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii          Mating
## 571                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 572                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 573                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 574                     Rutilus rutilus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 575               Tachysurus fulvidraco Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 576                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 577                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 578                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii          Mating
## 579                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 580                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 581                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 582                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 583                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 584                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 585                         Salmo salar Actinopterygii        Movement
## 586                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 587                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 588                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 589                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 590                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 591                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 592                  Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 593                   Squalius cephalus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 594                  Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda        Movement
## 595                  Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda        Movement
## 596                  Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda        Movement
## 597                  Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda        Movement
## 598                  Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda        Movement
## 599               Cyprinodon variegatus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 600                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 601                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 602                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 603                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 604                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 605                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 606                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 607                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 608                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 609                    Capitella teleta     Polychaeta        Foraging
## 610                   Sepia officinalis    Cephalopoda        Movement
## 611                  Clarias gariepinus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 612                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 613                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 614                   Sepia officinalis    Cephalopoda        Boldness
## 615                  Syngnathus abaster Actinopterygii        Movement
## 616                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 617                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 618                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 619                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 620                    Gambusia affinis Actinopterygii          Mating
## 621                Planorbarius corneus     Gastropoda        Movement
## 622                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 623                      Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca        Movement
## 624                     Rutilus rutilus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 625                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 626                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 627                    Homarus gammarus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 628                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 629                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 630                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 631                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 632                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 633                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii          Mating
## 634                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 635                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 636                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 637                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 638                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 639                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 640                       Sparus aurata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 641  Morone saxatilis x morone chrysops Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 642                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 643                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 644                    Faxonius virilis   Malacostraca    Antipredator
## 645                Ceriodaphnia cornuta   Branchiopoda    Antipredator
## 646                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 647                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 648                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 649                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 650                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 651                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 652              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii       Agression
## 653              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 654              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 655                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 656                     Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 657                     Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 658                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 659                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 660                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 661                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 662                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 663                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 664                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 665                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 666                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 667                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 668                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 669                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 670                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 671                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 672                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 673                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 674                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 675                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 676                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 677                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 678              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 679              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 680                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 681                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 682                  Lampsilis fasciola       Bivalvia        Movement
## 683                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 684                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 685                  Lampsilis fasciola       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 686                  Lampsilis fasciola       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 687                   Squalius cephalus Actinopterygii       Agression
## 688                   Squalius cephalus Actinopterygii       Agression
## 689                   Squalius cephalus Actinopterygii       Agression
## 690                   Squalius cephalus Actinopterygii       Agression
## 691                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 692                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 693                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 694                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 695                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 696                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 697                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 698                      Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca        Movement
## 699                      Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca        Movement
## 700                      Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca        Movement
## 701                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 702                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 703                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 704                  Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 705                  Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Movement
## 706              Pomatoschistus minutus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 707                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 708                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 709                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 710                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 711                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 712                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 713                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 714                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 715               Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 716                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 717                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 718                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 719                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 720                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 721                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 722                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 723                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 724                  Clarias gariepinus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 725                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 726                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 727                   Taricha granulosa       Amphibia        Movement
## 728                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 729                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 730                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 731                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 732                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 733                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 734                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 735                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 736                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 737                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 738                    Faxonius virilis   Malacostraca       Agression
## 739                     Carcinus maenas   Malacostraca        Movement
## 740                 Syngnathus scovelli Actinopterygii          Mating
## 741               Oreochromis niloticus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 742                 Carassius carassius Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 743                 Carassius carassius Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 744                         Salmo salar Actinopterygii          Mating
## 745                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 746                        Salmo trutta Actinopterygii        Movement
## 747                        Salmo trutta Actinopterygii        Movement
## 748                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 749                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 750                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 751                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 752                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 753                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 754                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 755                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 756                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 757                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 758                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 759                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 760                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 761                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 762                      Xenopus laevis       Amphibia          Mating
## 763                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 764                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 765                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 766                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 767                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 768                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 769                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 770                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 771                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 772                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 773                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 774                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 775                Bryocamptus pygmaeus       Copepoda        Movement
## 776                     Dugesia tigrina  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 777                     Dugesia tigrina  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 778                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 779                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 780                  Salmo trutta fario Actinopterygii        Movement
## 781                  Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 782                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 783                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 784                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii       Agression
## 785                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 786                   Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 787                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 788                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 789                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 790              Pomatoschistus minutus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 791                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Movement
## 792                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 793                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 794                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 795                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 796                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 797                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 798                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 799                       Aeshna cyanea        Insecta        Foraging
## 800                       Aeshna cyanea        Insecta        Foraging
## 801                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 802                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 803               Jenynsia multidentata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 804           Amatitlania nigrofasciata Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 805                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 806                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 807                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 808           Amatitlania nigrofasciata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 809                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii       Agression
## 810                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii       Agression
## 811                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 812                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 813                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 814                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 815                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 816                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 817                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 818                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 819                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 820                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 821                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 822                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 823            Heliocidaris crassispina     Echinoidea        Movement
## 824               Micropterus salmoides Actinopterygii        Movement
## 825               Micropterus salmoides Actinopterygii        Movement
## 826                   Sepia officinalis    Cephalopoda        Foraging
## 827                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 828                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 829                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 830                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 831                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 832                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii          Mating
## 833                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 834                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 835                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 836                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 837                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 838                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 839               Cyprinodon variegatus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 840                     Carcinus maenas   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 841                     Betta splendens Actinopterygii       Agression
## 842                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 843                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 844                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 845                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 846                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 847                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 848                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 849                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 850                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 851                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 852                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 853                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 854                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 855                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 856                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 857                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 858                     Aphanius dispar Actinopterygii        Movement
## 859                 Carassius carassius Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 860                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 861                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 862                Phalloceros harpagos Actinopterygii        Movement
## 863                Phalloceros harpagos Actinopterygii        Movement
## 864                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 865                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 866                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 867                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 868                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 869                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 870                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 871                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 872                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 873                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 874                      Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 875  Morone saxatilis x morone chrysops Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 876                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 877                   Lymnaea stagnalis     Gastropoda        Movement
## 878                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 879                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 880                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 881                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 882                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 883                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 884                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 885                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 886                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 887                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 888                      Xenopus laevis       Amphibia          Mating
## 889                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 890              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 891                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 892                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 893                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 894                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 895                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 896                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 897                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 898                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 899                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 900                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 901                   Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 902                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 903             Leporinus macrocephalus Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 904                 Procambarus clarkii   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 905                 Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Movement
## 906                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 907                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 908                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 909                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 910                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 911                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 912                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 913                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 914                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 915              Procambarus virginalis   Malacostraca        Movement
## 916              Procambarus virginalis   Malacostraca        Movement
## 917                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 918              Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 919                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 920                      Hirudo verbana     Clitellata        Movement
## 921                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 922                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 923                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 924                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 925                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 926                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 927                Cyprinella lutrensis Actinopterygii          Mating
## 928                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 929                  Clarias gariepinus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 930                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 931                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 932                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 933                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 934                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 935                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 936                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 937                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 938                 Orconectes rusticus   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 939                 Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 940                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 941                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 942                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 943                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 944                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 945                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 946                     Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii          Mating
## 947                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 948                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 949                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 950                  Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 951                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 952                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 953                 Sclerophrys arabica       Amphibia    Antipredator
## 954                 Sclerophrys arabica       Amphibia    Antipredator
## 955                 Sclerophrys arabica       Amphibia    Antipredator
## 956                   Hydra viridissima       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 957                 Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 958                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 959                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 960                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 961                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 962                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 963                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 964                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 965                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 966                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 967                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 968                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 969                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 970                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 971                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 972                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 973              Nothobranchius furzeri Actinopterygii          Mating
## 974                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 975                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 976                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 977                       Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 978                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 979                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 980                    Rana catesbeiana       Amphibia    Antipredator
## 981                    Rana catesbeiana       Amphibia    Antipredator
## 982                    Rana catesbeiana       Amphibia    Antipredator
## 983                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 984                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 985                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 986                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 987                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 988                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 989                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 990                     Poecilia wingei Actinopterygii          Mating
## 991                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 992                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 993                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 994             Hemigrapsus oregonensis   Malacostraca        Movement
## 995                  Corbicula fluminea       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 996                         Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 997               Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Boldness
## 998               Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Boldness
## 999               Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Boldness
## 1000              Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Boldness
## 1001              Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Boldness
## 1002                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1003                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1004                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1005                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1006                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1007                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1008                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1009                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1010                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1011                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1012                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1013                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1014                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1015                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1016                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1017                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1018                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1019                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1020                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1021                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1022                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1023                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1024                Procambarus clarkii   Malacostraca Not categorised
## 1025                Procambarus clarkii   Malacostraca Not categorised
## 1026                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1027                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1028                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1029                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1030                  Trachemys scripta       Reptilia        Movement
## 1031                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1032                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1033                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1034                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1035                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1036                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1037                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1038                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1039                   Faxonius limosus   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 1040                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1041                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1042                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1043              Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1044              Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1045              Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1046                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1047                   Lates calcarifer Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1048                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1049                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1050                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1051                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1052                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1053                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1054                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1055                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1056                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1057                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1058                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1059                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1060                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1061                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1062                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1063                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1064                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1065                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1066                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1067                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1068                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1069                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1070                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1071                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1072                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1073                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1074                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1075                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1076                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1077                       Hyla cinerea       Amphibia        Movement
## 1078                    Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1079                    Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1080                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1081                        Mytilus spp       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 1082                        Mytilus spp       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 1083             Atyaephyra desmarestii   Malacostraca        Foraging
## 1084             Atyaephyra desmarestii   Malacostraca        Foraging
## 1085             Atyaephyra desmarestii   Malacostraca        Foraging
## 1086                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1087                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1088                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1089                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1090                     Diamesa zernyi        Insecta        Movement
## 1091                     Diamesa zernyi        Insecta        Movement
## 1092                     Diamesa zernyi        Insecta        Movement
## 1093                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1094                Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1095                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1096                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1097                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1098                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1099                Procambarus clarkii   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 1100                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1101                 Lithobates pipiens       Amphibia Not categorised
## 1102                 Lithobates pipiens       Amphibia Not categorised
## 1103                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1104                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1105                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1106                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1107                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1108                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1109                    Chrysemys picta       Reptilia       Cognition
## 1110                Hippocampus erectus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1111                Hippocampus erectus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1112                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1113                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1114                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1115                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1116                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1117                    Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 1118                    Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 1119                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1120                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1121                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1122                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1123                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1124                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1125                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1126                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1127                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1128                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1129                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1130                    Carcinus maenas   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 1131                  Carassius auratus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1132                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1133                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1134                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1135                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1136                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1137                 Astyanax mexicanus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1138                 Astyanax mexicanus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1139                 Astyanax mexicanus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1140                 Astyanax mexicanus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1141                 Astyanax mexicanus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1142                 Cichlasoma dimerus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1143                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1144                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1145                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1146                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1147                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1148                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1149             Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 1150                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1151                    Gymnotus carapo Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1152                    Gymnotus carapo Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1153                    Gymnotus carapo Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1154                    Gymnotus carapo Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1155                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1156                    Betta splendens Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1157                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1158                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1159                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1160                    Betta splendens Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1161                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1162                Orconectes rusticus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1163                    Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1164                    Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1165                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1166                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1167                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1168                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1169             Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1170                 Lithobates pipiens       Amphibia        Movement
## 1171                 Lithobates pipiens       Amphibia        Movement
## 1172                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1173                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1174                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1175                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1176                  Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1177                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1178                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1179            Brachionus calyciflorus    Monogononta        Foraging
## 1180                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1181            Heteropneustes fossilis Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1182                Orconectes rusticus   Malacostraca       Cognition
## 1183                Orconectes rusticus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1184                Orconectes rusticus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1185                Orconectes rusticus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1186               Amphiprion ocellaris Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1187                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1188                 Eumetopias jubatus       Mammalia        Movement
## 1189                 Eumetopias jubatus       Mammalia        Movement
## 1190                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1191                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1192                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1193                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1194                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1195                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1196                        Salmo salar Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1197                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1198                  Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1199                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1200                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1201                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1202                     Xenopus laevis       Amphibia          Mating
## 1203                     Xenopus laevis       Amphibia          Mating
## 1204                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1205                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1206             Thalassoma bifasciatum Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1207              Oreochromis niloticus Actinopterygii       Agression
## 1208                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1209                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1210                    Poecilia wingei Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1211                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1212                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1213                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1214                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1215                    Betta splendens Actinopterygii       Agression
## 1216                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1217                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1218                    Pomacea lineata     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1219                   Gammarus locusta   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1220                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1221                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1222                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1223                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1224                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1225                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1226                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1227                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1228                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1229                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii    Antipredator
## 1230                 Oryzias melastigma Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1231                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1232                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1233                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1234                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1235                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1236                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1237                Procambarus clarkii   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 1238                  Oryzias javanicus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1239                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1240                    Dugesia tigrina  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1241                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1242                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii     Post mating
## 1243                      Daphnia pulex   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1244                      Daphnia pulex   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1245                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1246                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1247                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1248                  Sepia officinalis    Cephalopoda Not categorised
## 1249                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1250              Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1251              Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1252              Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1253              Dugesia dorotocephala  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1254                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1255                        Dugesia spp  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1256                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1257                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1258                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1259                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1260                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1261                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1262                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1263                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1264                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1265                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1266                     Rhamdia quelen Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1267                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1268             Pachygrapsus crassipes   Malacostraca        Boldness
## 1269             Nothobranchius furzeri Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1270                  Gammarus fossarum   Malacostraca        Foraging
## 1271                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1272                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1273                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1274               Prochilodus lineatus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1275                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1276                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1277                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1278                      Sparus aurata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1279                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1280                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1281                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1282                        Salmo salar Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1283                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1284                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1285                     Xenopus laevis       Amphibia        Boldness
## 1286                     Xenopus laevis       Amphibia        Boldness
## 1287                     Xenopus laevis       Amphibia        Boldness
## 1288                    Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1289                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1290                   Gambusia affinis Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1291               Hediste diversicolor     Polychaeta        Movement
## 1292                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1293                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1294                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1295                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1296                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1297                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1298                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1299                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1300                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1301                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1302                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1303                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1304                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1305                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1306              Fundulus heteroclitus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1307                  Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1308                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1309                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1310                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1311                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1312                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1313                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1314                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1315                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1316                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1317                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1318                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1319                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1320                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1321                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1322                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1323                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1324                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1325                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1326                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1327                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1328                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1329                     Xenopus laevis       Amphibia       Sociality
## 1330                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1331                    Gymnotus carapo Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1332                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1333                    Betta splendens Actinopterygii       Agression
## 1334                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1335                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1336                    Betta splendens Actinopterygii       Agression
## 1337                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 1338                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Cognition
## 1339                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1340                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1341                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1342                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1343                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1344                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1345                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1346                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1347                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1348                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1349                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1350                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1351                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1352                          Lota lota Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1353                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1354                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1355                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1356                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1357                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1358                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1359                     Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca          Mating
## 1360                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1361                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1362                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1363                Artemia franciscana   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1364                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1365                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1366                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1367                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1368                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1369                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1370                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1371                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1372                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1373                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1374                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1375                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1376                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1377                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1378                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1379                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1380                     Hydra vulgaris       Hydrozoa        Foraging
## 1381                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1382                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1383                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1384                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1385                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1386                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1387                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1388                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1389                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1390                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1391                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1392                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1393                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1394                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1395                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1396                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1397                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1398                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1399                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1400                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1401                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1402                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1403                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1404                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1405                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1406                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1407                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1408                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1409                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1410                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1411                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1412                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1413                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1414                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1415                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1416                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1417                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1418                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1419                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1420                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1421                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1422                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1423                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1424                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1425                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1426                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1427                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1428                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1429                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1430                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1431                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1432                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1433                     Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1434                     Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1435                     Gammarus pulex   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1436                     Radix balthica     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1437             Gasterosteus aculeatus Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1438                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1439                Pelodiscus sinensis       Reptilia        Foraging
## 1440                Pelodiscus sinensis       Reptilia        Foraging
## 1441                Pelodiscus sinensis       Reptilia        Foraging
## 1442                Pelodiscus sinensis       Reptilia        Foraging
## 1443                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1444                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1445                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1446                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1447                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1448                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1449                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1450                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1451                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1452                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1453                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1454                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1455                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1456                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 1457         Limnodynastes tasmaniensis       Amphibia        Foraging
## 1458                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1459                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1460                Procambarus clarkii   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1461                Procambarus clarkii   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1462                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1463                     Physella acuta     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1464                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1465                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1466               Pomacea canaliculata     Gastropoda          Mating
## 1467              Coenagrion hastulatum        Insecta        Foraging
## 1468              Coenagrion hastulatum        Insecta        Foraging
## 1469                  Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1470                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1471                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1472                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1473                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1474                     Mytilus edulis       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 1475          Mytilus galloprovincialis       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 1476                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1477                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1478                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1479          Mytilus galloprovincialis       Bivalvia Not categorised
## 1480                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1481                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1482                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1483             Melanoides tuberculata     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1484                Carassius carassius Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1485                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1486                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1487                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1488                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1489                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1490                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1491                    Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii       Sociality
## 1492                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1493                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1494                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1495                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1496                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1497                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1498                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1499                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1500                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1501                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1502                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1503                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1504                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1505                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1506                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1507                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1508                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1509                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1510                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1511                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1512                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii       Agression
## 1513                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1514                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1515                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1516                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1517                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1518                     Xenopus laevis       Amphibia        Movement
## 1519                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1520                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1521                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1522                  Carassius auratus Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1523                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1524                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1525                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1526                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1527                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1528                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1529                 Clarias gariepinus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1530                       Salmo trutta Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1531                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1532                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1533                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1534                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1535          Mytilus galloprovincialis       Bivalvia    Antipredator
## 1536                 Corbicula fluminea       Bivalvia        Foraging
## 1537                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1538                   Dugesia japonica  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1539                   Dugesia japonica  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1540                   Dugesia japonica  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1541                   Dugesia japonica  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1542                   Dugesia japonica  Rhabditophora        Movement
## 1543                  Gobiocypris rarus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1544                  Gobiocypris rarus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1545                  Gobiocypris rarus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1546                  Gobiocypris rarus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1547         Limnodynastes tasmaniensis       Amphibia        Movement
## 1548                    Oryzias latipes Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1549                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1550                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1551                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1552                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1553                  Cirrhinus mrigala Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1554                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1555                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1556                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1557                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1558                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1559                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1560                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1561                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1562                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1563                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1564                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1565                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1566                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1567                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1568                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1569                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1570                     Rhamdia quelen Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1571                     Rhamdia quelen Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1572                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1573                 Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1574                 Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1575                 Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1576                 Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1577                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1578                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii Not categorised
## 1579          Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1580                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1581                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1582                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1583                 Lithobates pipiens       Amphibia        Movement
## 1584                        Salmo salar Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1585                     Channa striata Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1586                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1587                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1588                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1589                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1590                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1591                    Betta splendens Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1592                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1593                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1594                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1595                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1596                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1597                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1598                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1599                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1600                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1601                  Lymnaea stagnalis     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1602              Oreochromis niloticus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1603                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1604                  Lymnaea stagnalis     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1605                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1606                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1607                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1608                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1609                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1610                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1611                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1612                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1613                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1614                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1615                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1616                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1617                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1618                      Daphnia pulex   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1619                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1620                      Daphnia pulex   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1621                        Gobio gobio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1622              Neogobius fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1623                  Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1624                 Daphnia longispina   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1625                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1626                   Gambusia affinis Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1627                   Oryzias sinensis Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1628            Paramisgurnus dabryanus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1629                  Rhodeus ocellatus Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1630                     Artemia salina   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1631                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1632                          Bufo bufo       Amphibia        Movement
## 1633                     Rana dalmatina       Amphibia        Movement
## 1634                          Bufo bufo       Amphibia        Movement
## 1635                     Rana dalmatina       Amphibia        Movement
## 1636                      Allogamus spp        Insecta        Foraging
## 1637                Chironomus riparius        Insecta        Foraging
## 1638                      Allogamus spp        Insecta        Foraging
## 1639                Chironomus riparius        Insecta        Foraging
## 1640                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1641                    Daphnia similis   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1642                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1643                    Daphnia similis   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1644                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1645                    Daphnia similis   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1646                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1647                    Daphnia similis   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1648             Culex quinquefasciatus        Insecta        Foraging
## 1649                 Gambusia holbrooki Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1650                    Carcinus maenas   Malacostraca Not categorised
## 1651                  Sepia officinalis    Cephalopoda Not categorised
## 1652                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1653                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1654                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1655                 Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1656                  Leptoxis carinata     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1657                 Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1658                  Leptoxis carinata     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1659                 Ilyanassa obsoleta     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1660                  Leptoxis carinata     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1661            Physalaemus albonotatus       Amphibia        Movement
## 1662           Trachycephalus typhonius       Amphibia        Movement
## 1663                Gibbula unbilicalis     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1664                  Lymnaea stagnalis     Gastropoda Not categorised
## 1665                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1666                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1667                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1668                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1669                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1670                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1671            Amphibalanus amphitrite    Thecostraca        Movement
## 1672              Brachionus plicatilis    Monogononta        Movement
## 1673               Lithopoma americanum     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1674                 Urosalpinx cinerea     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1675               Lithopoma americanum     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1676                 Urosalpinx cinerea     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1677              Coenagrion hastulatum        Insecta        Movement
## 1678                  Perca fluviatilis Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1679            Nerophis lumbriciformis Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1680                 Syngnathus abaster Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1681             Chlorostoma funebralis     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1682               Lithopoma americanum     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1683                    Nucella ostrina     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1684                   Tegula fasciatus     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1685                 Urosalpinx cinerea     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1686             Chlorostoma funebralis     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1687               Lithopoma americanum     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1688                    Nucella ostrina     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1689                   Tegula fasciatus     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1690                 Urosalpinx cinerea     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1691             Chlorostoma funebralis     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1692               Lithopoma americanum     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1693                    Nucella ostrina     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1694                   Tegula fasciatus     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1695                 Urosalpinx cinerea     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1696             Chlorostoma funebralis     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1697               Lithopoma americanum     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1698                    Nucella ostrina     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1699                   Tegula fasciatus     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1700                 Urosalpinx cinerea     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1701                  Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1702                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1703                  Carassius auratus Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1704                  Leptoxis carinata     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1705                  Stagnicola elodes     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1706                  Leptoxis carinata     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1707                  Stagnicola elodes     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1708                Oncorhynchus mykiss Actinopterygii       Agression
## 1709                Poecilia reticulata Actinopterygii          Mating
## 1710                  Lampsilis cardium       Bivalvia          Mating
## 1711                 Lampsilis fasciola       Bivalvia          Mating
## 1712                    Asterias rubens     Asteroidea        Foraging
## 1713          Amatitlania nigrofasciata Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1714                  Poecilia sphenops Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1715 Morone saxatilis x morone chrysops Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1716                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1717                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1718                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1719                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1720                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1721                Pimephales promelas Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1722               Crangonyx shoemakeri   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1723                     Gammarus minus   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1724                 Stygobromus tenuis   Malacostraca        Movement
## 1725                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1726                    Moina macrocopa   Branchiopoda        Movement
## 1727                 Lithobates pipiens       Amphibia        Movement
## 1728                 Lithobates pipiens       Amphibia        Movement
## 1729                 Lithobates pipiens       Amphibia        Movement
## 1730                 Lithobates pipiens       Amphibia        Movement
## 1731                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1732                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1733                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Boldness
## 1734                  Lymnaea stagnalis     Gastropoda        Movement
## 1735                        Danio rerio Actinopterygii        Movement
## 1736                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1737                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1738                      Daphnia magna   Branchiopoda        Foraging
## 1739                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii        Foraging
## 1740                    Cyprinus carpio Actinopterygii        Foraging

Let’s look at the 10 most common classes and ATCs

PICO_class_atc <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(compound_atc_level_3), !is.na(species_class)) %>% 
  tidyr::separate_rows(compound_atc_level_3, sep = ";") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_atc_level_3 = str_trim(compound_atc_level_3))

PICO_atc_10 <- PICO_class_atc %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_3) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(compound_atc_level_3)

PICO_class_10 <- PICO_class_atc %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_class) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(species_class)

PICO_class_10 <- PICO_class_atc %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_class) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:10) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(species_class)


behav_cat_order <- PICO_class_atc %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_level_3 %in% PICO_atc_10 & species_class %in% PICO_class_10) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(behav_cat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(behav_cat)


PICO_class_atc_10 <- PICO_class_atc %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_atc_level_3 %in% PICO_atc_10 & species_class %in% PICO_class_10) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_atc_level_3 = factor(compound_atc_level_3, levels = PICO_atc_10),
                species_class = factor(species_class, levels = PICO_class_10),
                behav_cat = factor(behav_cat, levels = behav_cat_order)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(compound_atc_level_3, behav_cat, species_class)
PICO_atc_class_sankey <- highcharter::hchart(data_to_sankey(PICO_class_atc_10), "sankey")
PICO_atc_class_sankey
setwd(figures_path)
htmlwidgets::saveWidget(widget = PICO_atc_class_sankey, file = "PICO_atc_class_sankey.html")
setwd(figures_path)
# Make a webshot in pdf : high quality but can not choose printed zone
webshot::webshot("PICO_atc_class_sankey.html" , "PICO_atc_class_sankey.pdf", delay = 10)

16.1 Common compounds

Lets take a closer look at the 3 most common compounds

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_name) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:3)
## # A tibble: 3 × 2
##   compound_name                 n
##   <chr>                     <int>
## 1 Fluoxetine                  201
## 2 Diazepam                     67
## 3 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol    63

16.1.1 Fluoxetine

spp_order <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "Fluoxetine") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_name) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:5) %>% 
  pull(species_name)

beh_order <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "Fluoxetine" & species_name %in% spp_order) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_cat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  pull(behav_cat)

PICO_fluoxetine <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "Fluoxetine" & species_name %in% spp_order) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(
                species_name = factor(species_name, levels = spp_order),
                behav_cat = factor(behav_cat, levels = beh_order),
  ) %>% 
  dplyr::select(species_name, behav_cat)
PICO_fluoxetine %>% 
  dplyr::filter(species_name == "Betta splendens") %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(behav_cat)
##   behav_cat
## 1  Boldness
## 2 Agression
## 3    Mating
## 4  Movement
PICO_fluoxetine_sankey <- highcharter::hchart(data_to_sankey(PICO_fluoxetine), "sankey", name = "PICO")
PICO_fluoxetine_sankey
setwd(figures_path)
htmlwidgets::saveWidget(widget = PICO_fluoxetine_sankey, file = "PICO_fluoxetine_sankey.html")
setwd(figures_path)
# Make a webshot in pdf : high quality but can not choose printed zone
webshot::webshot("PICO_fluoxetine_sankey.html" , "PICO_fluoxetine_sankey.pdf", delay = 10)

16.1.2 Diazepam

spp_order <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "Diazepam") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_name) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:5) %>% 
  pull(species_name)

beh_order <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "Diazepam" & species_name %in% spp_order) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_cat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  pull(behav_cat)

PICO_diazepam <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "Diazepam" & species_name %in% spp_order) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(
                species_name = factor(species_name, levels = spp_order),
                behav_cat = factor(behav_cat, levels = beh_order),
  ) %>% 
  dplyr::select(species_name, behav_cat)
PICO_diazepam_sankey <- highcharter::hchart(data_to_sankey(PICO_diazepam), "sankey", name = "PICO")
PICO_diazepam_sankey
setwd(figures_path)
htmlwidgets::saveWidget(widget = PICO_diazepam_sankey, file = "PICO_diazepam_sankey.html")
setwd(figures_path)
# Make a webshot in pdf : high quality but can not choose printed zone
webshot::webshot("PICO_diazepam_sankey.html" , "PICO_diazepam_sankey.pdf", delay = 10)

16.3.1 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol

spp_order <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "17-alpha-ethinylestradiol") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_name) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::slice(1:5) %>% 
  pull(species_name)

beh_order <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "17-alpha-ethinylestradiol" & species_name %in% spp_order) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_cat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  pull(behav_cat)

PICO_EE2 <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_name == "17-alpha-ethinylestradiol" & species_name %in% spp_order) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(
                species_name = factor(species_name, levels = spp_order),
                behav_cat = factor(behav_cat, levels = beh_order),
  ) %>% 
  dplyr::select(species_name, behav_cat)
PICO_EE2_sankey <- highcharter::hchart(data_to_sankey(PICO_EE2), "sankey", name = "PICO")
PICO_EE2_sankey
setwd(figures_path)
htmlwidgets::saveWidget(widget = PICO_EE2_sankey, file = "PICO_EE2_sankey.html")
setwd(figures_path)
# Make a webshot in pdf : high quality but can not choose printed zone
webshot::webshot("PICO_EE2_sankey.html" , "PICO_EE2_sankey.pdf", delay = 10)

17 Knowledge clusters and gaps

Identify knowledge clusters and gaps.

We will also do this by study motivation, because the knowleage gaps will be motivation spesfic.

17.1 Species class

First look by species class

Making a dataframe

behav_cat_class_long <- PICO_df %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, species_class, behav_cat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(count = n()) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(study_motivation, species_class, behav_cat, fill = list(count = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, species_class) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_class_motivation = sum(count)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(rel_percent = round(count/total_class_motivation*100,0),
                rel_percent = if_else(is.finite(rel_percent), rel_percent, 0)
  )

class_order <- behav_cat_class_long %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_class) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(count)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(species_class)

behav_cat_order <- behav_cat_class_long %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_cat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(count)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(behav_cat)

behav_cat_class_long <- behav_cat_class_long %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(species_class = factor(species_class, levels = class_order),
                behav_cat = factor(behav_cat, levels = behav_cat_order)
                )
cust_col <- colorRampPalette(c("#FDEDF4", "#F068A7"))(30)

behav_class_hm <- behav_cat_class_long %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = behav_cat, y = species_class, fill = count)) +
  geom_tile() +
  #geom_text(aes(label = ifelse(count == 0, NA, count)), color = "black", size = 3) +
  scale_fill_gradientn(colors = cust_col, na.value = "white", limits = c(1, max(behav_cat_class_long$count, na.rm = TRUE)), guide = "none") +
  theme_bw() +
  facet_wrap(~study_motivation) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
  labs(
    x = "Behaviour",
    y = "Species Class",
    fill = "Count"
  )
behav_class_hm

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("behav_class_hm.pdf", plot = behav_class_hm, width = 8.3, height = 11.7/2)

This one uses relative vaules for each class (e.g. row in the heat map)

cust_col <- colorRampPalette(brewer.pal(4, "Oranges"))(30)

behav_class_rel_hm <- behav_cat_class_long %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = behav_cat, y = species_class, fill = rel_percent)) +
  geom_tile() +
 #geom_text(aes(label = ifelse(rel_percent == 0, NA, rel_percent)), color = "black", size = 3) +
  scale_fill_gradientn(colors = cust_col, na.value = "white", limits = c(1, max(behav_cat_class_long$count, na.rm = TRUE)), guide = "none") +
  theme_bw() +
  facet_wrap(~study_motivation) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
  labs(
    x = "Behaviour",
    y = "Species Class",
    fill = "Count"
  )
behav_class_rel_hm

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("behav_class_rel_hm.pdf", plot = behav_class_rel_hm, width = 8.3, height = 11.7/2)

17.2 Compound cluster/gaps

Now looking by compound

Making a dataframe

behav_atc_long <- PICO_df %>% 
  separate_rows(compound_atc_level_3, sep = ";") %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, compound_atc_level_3, behav_cat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(count = n()) %>% 
  tidyr::complete(study_motivation, compound_atc_level_3, behav_cat, fill = list(count = 0)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation, compound_atc_level_3) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_atc_motivation = sum(count)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(rel_percent = round(count/total_atc_motivation*100,0),
                rel_percent = if_else(is.finite(rel_percent), rel_percent, 0)
  )

atc_order <- behav_atc_long %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_atc_level_3) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(count)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(n) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(compound_atc_level_3)

behav_cat_order <- behav_atc_long %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(behav_cat) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(count)) %>% 
  dplyr::arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::pull(behav_cat)

behav_atc_long <- behav_atc_long %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(compound_atc_level_3 = factor(compound_atc_level_3, levels = atc_order),
                behav_cat = factor(behav_cat, levels = behav_cat_order)
                )
behav_atc_long %>% 
  dplyr::distinct(compound_atc_level_3)
## # A tibble: 132 × 1
##    compound_atc_level_3                                                    
##    <fct>                                                                   
##  1 a01a stomatological preparations                                        
##  2 a02b drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord)
##  3 a03b belladonna and derivatives, plain                                  
##  4 a03f propulsives                                                        
##  5 a04a antiemetics and antinauseants                                      
##  6 a06a drugs for constipation                                             
##  7 a07a intestinal antiinfectives                                          
##  8 a07e intestinal antiinflammatory agents                                 
##  9 a08a antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products                      
## 10 a10b blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins                       
## # ℹ 122 more rows
cust_col <- colorRampPalette(c("#FDEDF4", "#F068A7"))(30)

behav_atc_hm <- behav_atc_long %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = behav_cat, y = compound_atc_level_3, fill = count)) +
  geom_tile() +
  #geom_text(aes(label = ifelse(count == 0, NA, count)), color = "black", size = 3) +
  scale_fill_gradientn(colors = cust_col, na.value = "white", limits = c(1, max(behav_atc_long$count, na.rm = TRUE)), guide = "none") +
  theme_void() +
  facet_wrap(~study_motivation) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
  labs(
    x = "Behaviour",
    y = "Species Class",
    fill = "Count"
  )
behav_atc_hm

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("behav_class_hm.pdf", plot = behav_class_hm, width = 8.3, height = 11.7/2)

This one uses relative vaules for each class (e.g. row in the heat map)

cust_col <- colorRampPalette(brewer.pal(4, "Oranges"))(30)

behav_class__rel_hm <- behav_cat_class_long %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = behav_cat, y = species_class, fill = rel_percent)) +
  geom_tile() +
 #geom_text(aes(label = ifelse(rel_percent == 0, NA, rel_percent)), color = "black", size = 3) +
  scale_fill_gradientn(colors = cust_col, na.value = "white", limits = c(1, max(behav_cat_class_long$count, na.rm = TRUE)), guide = "none") +
  theme_bw() +
  facet_wrap(~study_motivation) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
  labs(
    x = "Behaviour",
    y = "Species Class",
    fill = "Count"
  )
behav_class__rel_hm

setwd(figures_path)
ggsave("behav_class__rel_hm.pdf", plot = behav_class__rel_hm, width = 8.3, height = 11.7/2)

18 Additional biomarkers

EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(additional_biomarkers) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total = sum(n),
                percent = n/total)
## # A tibble: 2 × 4
##   additional_biomarkers     n total percent
##   <chr>                 <int> <int>   <dbl>
## 1 No                      435   901   0.483
## 2 Yes                     466   901   0.517
EIPAAB_database %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_survival_growth_reproduction) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total = sum(n),
                percent = n/total)
## # A tibble: 2 × 4
##   validity_survival_growth_reproduction     n total percent
##   <chr>                                 <int> <int>   <dbl>
## 1 No                                      543   901   0.603
## 2 Yes                                     358   901   0.397

19 Validity

This a list of all 19 metadata that relate to our validity information.

c(“validity_guideline”, “validity_good_laboratory_practice”, “validity_survival_growth_reproduction”, “validity_animal_feeding”, “validity_water_quality”, “validity_light_cycle”, “validity_randomization”, “validity_behav_scoring_method”, “validity_behav_blinding”, “validity_conflict_statement”, “species_source”, “species_stage”, “species_sex”, “compound_min_duration_exposure”, “compound_max_duration_exposure”, “validity_compound_cas_reported”, “validity_compound_purity_reported”, “validity_compound_water_verification”, “validity_compound_animal_verification”)

19.1 Did it follow a guideline (CRED Q1)

guideline <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_guideline, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

guideline_all <-  guideline %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_guideline) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1))
  

guideline_all <- rbind(guideline_all, guideline) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_guideline == "Yes")
guideline_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_guideline     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>              <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                  135 Overall             15  
## 2 Yes                  111 Environmental       21.8
## 3 Yes                   14 Medical              6  
## 4 Yes                   10 Basic research       6.3

19.2 Did it use good laboratory practice (CRED Q2)

GLP <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_good_laboratory_practice, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

GLP_all <-  GLP %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_good_laboratory_practice) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

GLP_all <- rbind(GLP_all, GLP) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_good_laboratory_practice == "Yes")
GLP_all
## # A tibble: 3 × 4
##   validity_good_laboratory_practice     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                             <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                                   6 Overall              0.7
## 2 Yes                                   5 Environmental        1  
## 3 Yes                                   1 Medical              0.4

19.3 Did it report survival, growth and/or reproduction (CRED Q3)

survival_growth_reproduction <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_survival_growth_reproduction, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

survival_growth_reproduction_all <-  survival_growth_reproduction %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_survival_growth_reproduction) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1))
  

survival_growth_reproduction_all <- rbind(survival_growth_reproduction_all, survival_growth_reproduction)  %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_survival_growth_reproduction == "Yes")
survival_growth_reproduction_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_survival_growth_reproduction     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                                 <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                                     358 Overall             39.7
## 2 Yes                                     273 Environmental       53.5
## 3 Yes                                      61 Medical             26.1
## 4 Yes                                      24 Basic research      15.3

19.4 Did it report compound cas (CRED Q5)

CAS <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_compound_cas_reported, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

CAS_all <-  CAS %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_compound_cas_reported) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1))
  

CAS_all <- rbind(CAS_all, CAS)  %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_compound_cas_reported == "Yes")
CAS_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_compound_cas_reported     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                          <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                              223 Overall             24.8
## 2 Yes                              187 Environmental       36.7
## 3 Yes                               25 Medical             10.7
## 4 Yes                               11 Basic research       7

19.5 Did it report compound purity (CRED Q6)

purity <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_compound_purity_reported, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

purity_all <-  purity %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_compound_purity_reported) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

purity_all <- rbind(purity_all, purity) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_compound_purity_reported == "Yes")
purity_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_compound_purity_reported     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                             <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                                 228 Overall             25.3
## 2 Yes                                 198 Environmental       38.8
## 3 Yes                                  21 Medical              9  
## 4 Yes                                   9 Basic research       5.7

19.6 Species infomartion (CRED Q8)

19.6.1 Life stage

stage <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_stage, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_stage, sep = ";") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_stage, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

stage_all <-  stage %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_stage) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1))
  

stage_all <- rbind(stage_all, stage) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(species_stage == "Unknown or not specified") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_reported = 100-percent)
stage_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
##   species_stage                n study_motivation percent percent_reported
##   <chr>                    <int> <chr>              <dbl>            <dbl>
## 1 Unknown or not specified   166 Overall             16.6             83.4
## 2 Unknown or not specified   100 Environmental       17.1             82.9
## 3 Unknown or not specified    22 Medical              9               91  
## 4 Unknown or not specified    44 Basic research      26.5             73.5

19.6.1 Sex

sex <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_sex, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_sex, sep = ";") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_sex, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

sex_all <-  sex %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_sex) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1))
  

sex_all <- rbind(sex_all, sex) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(species_sex == "Unknown or not specified") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_reported = 100-percent)
sex_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
##   species_sex                  n study_motivation percent percent_reported
##   <chr>                    <int> <chr>              <dbl>            <dbl>
## 1 Unknown or not specified   546 Overall             46.5             53.5
## 2 Unknown or not specified   325 Environmental       50.4             49.6
## 3 Unknown or not specified   132 Medical             41               59  
## 4 Unknown or not specified    89 Basic research      43.2             56.8

19.7 The soruce of species (CRED Q9)

source <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(unique_population_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_source, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  tidyr::separate_rows(species_source, sep = ";") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_source, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

source_all <-  source %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(species_source) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1))
  

source_all <- rbind(source_all, source) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(species_source == "Not reported") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_reported = 100-percent)
source_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
##   species_source     n study_motivation percent percent_reported
##   <chr>          <int> <chr>              <dbl>            <dbl>
## 1 Not reported     148 Overall             15.6             84.4
## 2 Not reported      72 Environmental       13.1             86.9
## 3 Not reported      51 Medical             21.2             78.8
## 4 Not reported      25 Basic research      15.5             84.5

19.8 experimental system (CRED Q11)

19.8.1 Feeding

feeding <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_animal_feeding, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

feeding_all <-  feeding %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_animal_feeding) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

feeding_all <- rbind(feeding_all, feeding) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_animal_feeding == "Yes")
feeding_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_animal_feeding     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                   <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                       716 Overall             79.5
## 2 Yes                       430 Environmental       84.3
## 3 Yes                       159 Medical             68.2
## 4 Yes                       127 Basic research      80.4

19.8.1 Water quality

water <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_water_quality, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

water_all <-  water %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_water_quality) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

water_all <- rbind(water_all, water) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_water_quality == "Yes")
water_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_water_quality     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                  <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                      806 Overall             89.5
## 2 Yes                      473 Environmental       92.7
## 3 Yes                      206 Medical             88.4
## 4 Yes                      127 Basic research      80.4

19.8.1 light cycle

light <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_light_cycle, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

light_all <-  light %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_light_cycle) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

light_all <- rbind(light_all, light) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_light_cycle == "Yes")
light_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_light_cycle     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                    756 Overall             83.9
## 2 Yes                    429 Environmental       84.1
## 3 Yes                    200 Medical             85.8
## 4 Yes                    127 Basic research      80.4

19.9 Exposure duration (CRED Q14)

19.9.1 Minimum duration

min_duration <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(compound_min_duration_exposure, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

min_duration_all <-  min_duration %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_min_duration_exposure) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1))
  

min_duration_all <- rbind(min_duration_all, min_duration) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_min_duration_exposure == "Not stated") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_reported = 100-percent)
min_duration_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
##   compound_min_duration_exposure     n study_motivation percent percent_reported
##   <chr>                          <int> <chr>              <dbl>            <dbl>
## 1 Not stated                       102 Overall              5.9             94.1
## 2 Not stated                        38 Environmental        4.4             95.6
## 3 Not stated                        52 Medical             10               90  
## 4 Not stated                        12 Basic research       3.3             96.7

19.9.2 Maximum duration

max_duration <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(compound_max_duration_exposure, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

max_duration_all <-  max_duration %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(compound_max_duration_exposure) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1))
  

max_duration_all <- rbind(max_duration_all, max_duration) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(compound_max_duration_exposure == "Not stated") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_reported = 100-percent)
max_duration_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
##   compound_max_duration_exposure     n study_motivation percent percent_reported
##   <chr>                          <int> <chr>              <dbl>            <dbl>
## 1 Not stated                        96 Overall              5.5             94.5
## 2 Not stated                        32 Environmental        3.7             96.3
## 3 Not stated                        53 Medical             10.2             89.8
## 4 Not stated                        11 Basic research       3               97

19.10 Exposure verification (CRED Q15)

19.10.1 Water verification

water_verification <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(validity_compound_water_verification)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_compound_water_verification, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

water_verification_all <-  water_verification %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_compound_water_verification) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

water_verification_all <- rbind(water_verification_all, water_verification) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_compound_water_verification == "Measured")
water_verification_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_compound_water_verification     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                                <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Measured                               313 Overall             20.6
## 2 Measured                               295 Environmental       35.8
## 3 Measured                                10 Medical              2.5
## 4 Measured                                 8 Basic research       2.7

19.10.1 Tissue verification

tissue_verification <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  #dplyr::filter(!is.na(validity_compound_animal_verification)) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_compound_animal_verification, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

tissue_verification_all <-  tissue_verification %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_compound_animal_verification) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

tissue_verification_all <- rbind(tissue_verification_all, tissue_verification) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_compound_animal_verification == "Yes")
tissue_verification_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_compound_animal_verification     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                                 <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                                     154 Overall              8.9
## 2 Yes                                     115 Environmental       13.4
## 3 Yes                                      22 Medical              4.2
## 4 Yes                                      17 Basic research       4.7

19.11 Randomization (Not CRED)

randomization <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_randomization, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

randomization_all <-  randomization %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_randomization) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

randomization_all <- rbind(randomization_all, randomization) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_randomization == "Yes") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_disclosed = 100-percent)
randomization_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
##   validity_randomization     n study_motivation percent percent_disclosed
##   <chr>                  <int> <chr>              <dbl>             <dbl>
## 1 Yes                      362 Overall             40.2              59.8
## 2 Yes                      229 Environmental       44.9              55.1
## 3 Yes                       75 Medical             32.2              67.8
## 4 Yes                       58 Basic research      36.7              63.3

19.12 Blinding (Not CRED)

blinding <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_behav_blinding, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

blinding_all <-  blinding %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_behav_blinding) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

blinding_all <- rbind(blinding_all, blinding) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_behav_blinding == "Yes")
blinding_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 4
##   validity_behav_blinding     n study_motivation percent
##   <chr>                   <int> <chr>              <dbl>
## 1 Yes                       153 Overall             17  
## 2 Yes                        75 Environmental       14.7
## 3 Yes                        44 Medical             18.9
## 4 Yes                        34 Basic research      21.5

19.13 Scoring method (Not CRED)

behav_scoring <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  tidyr::separate_rows(validity_behav_scoring_method, sep = ";") %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_behav_scoring_method, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

behav_scoring_all <-  behav_scoring %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_behav_scoring_method) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

behav_scoring_all <- rbind(behav_scoring_all, behav_scoring) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_behav_scoring_method == "not specified") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_specified = 100-percent)
behav_scoring_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
##   validity_behav_scoring_method     n study_motivation percent percent_specified
##   <chr>                         <int> <chr>              <dbl>             <dbl>
## 1 not specified                   221 Overall             22.7              77.3
## 2 not specified                   130 Environmental       24                76  
## 3 not specified                    56 Medical             21.5              78.5
## 4 not specified                    35 Basic research      20.6              79.4

19.14 Conflict statement (Not CRED)

conflict <- EIPAAB_database %>%
  dplyr::group_by(article_id) %>% 
  dplyr::sample_n(1) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_conflict_statement, study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = n()) %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(study_motivation) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(total_motivation = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::ungroup() %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent = round(n/total_motivation*100,1)) %>% 
  dplyr::select(-total_motivation)

conflict_all <-  conflict %>% 
  dplyr::group_by(validity_conflict_statement) %>% 
  dplyr::reframe(n = sum(n)) %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(study_motivation = "Overall",
                percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,1)) 
  

conflict_all <- rbind(conflict_all, conflict) %>% 
  dplyr::filter(validity_conflict_statement == "No statement is made in the paper") %>% 
  dplyr::mutate(percent_specified = 100-percent)
conflict_all
## # A tibble: 4 × 5
##   validity_conflict_statement       n study_motivation percent percent_specified
##   <chr>                         <int> <chr>              <dbl>             <dbl>
## 1 No statement is made in the …   407 Overall             45.2              54.8
## 2 No statement is made in the …   254 Environmental       49.8              50.2
## 3 No statement is made in the …    65 Medical             27.9              72.1
## 4 No statement is made in the …    88 Basic research      55.7              44.3